case studies (for urban and development)

Question 1

name urban challenges in a developing country

Answer 1

Nigeria (specifically Lagos)
Clean water and sanitation - only 10% have access to clean water, lack of proper sewage system means sewage often flows into people’s water supplies, causing cholera and dysentery

Question 2

name urban challenges in a developed country

Answer 2

England (specifically London)
Transport - 25% carbon emissions come from transport, average driver spends 101 hrs in traffic a year, combatted by ULEZ zone and tube (sees 1.35 billion passengers a year)
Waste disposal - London produces 7 million tonnes of waste a year. Current sewage system can’t support growing population so ‘Super Sewer’ is being built
Socio-economic segregation - 1/4 of London’s wealth held by richest 10% of population, inter-generational wealth means this wealth is not redistributed equally, as wealth often held in assets which aren’t sold but passed down. Segregation also reflected in school results, long-term impacts on people’s lives

Question 3

name a developing country where they are tackling environmental issues, and how?

Answer 3

Brazil (specifically Curitiba)
Reduce CO2 by having lots of parks and open spaces - turned unusable land into parks which act as flood lands for river, grass trimmed by goats. Disused factories into sports facilities
Transport - tram and bus system much more cost effective than metro, cheap tickets so everyone can use it. Turned main street into pedestrian area
Recycling scheme - scheme in lower income in outskirts where they can bring in materials to recycle and get food or bus tickets in return

Question 4

name a developed country where they are tackling environmental issues, and how?

Answer 4

England
BedZed - environmentally conscious housing estate, car share programme, double glazed windows to preserve heat, energy efficient appliances
Transport - tube reduces road traffic (sees 1.35 billion passengers a year) and ULEZ which reduced emissions by 26% in that area

Question 5

Name a top - down project in a developing country

Answer 5

Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam

Question 6

Name a bottom - up project in a developing country

Answer 6

Domestic Rainwater harvesting - Uganda

Question 7

Name a top - down project in a developed country

Answer 7

HS2 railway

Question 8

Name a bottom - up project in a developed country

Answer 8

Highgate and LAET partnership