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Case Studies Flashcards

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0
Q

What advantage does climate change in Iceland have on farmers?

A

A 1 degree rise in temperature means farmers can grow wheat

Farmers can have more Wild stock if they can grow and have more hay

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1
Q

If climate change continues at its current rate, what will happen to Iceland’s glaciers?

A

All have melted by 2200

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2
Q

What benefits are climate in Iceland to power/electricity industries

A

87% of Iceland’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power and if the glaciers melt, there will be more water to generate electricity from

More running water will attract more electrical industries which will have a multiplier effect for the economy

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3
Q

What disadvantages are there of climate change in Iceland to people living on the coast

A

Rising sea levels can cause flooding of coastal towns

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4
Q

How will climate change in Iceland affect fishermen?

A

Even just a small change to the oceans currents can affect fish stocks

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5
Q

How will climate change in Iceland affect tourists?

A

Lots of tourists go to Iceland just to see glaciers- will they still go once they’re gone?

Environmentalists want to reduce number of flights (to reduce climate change) but they need the tourists

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6
Q

Where is Caatinga?

A

North east brazil; the further inland you to, the drier the climate

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7
Q

What is the environment like in Caatinga?

A

Very dry & lack of moisture due to heat

There are plants but they compete for moisture with each other

Plants have adapted to heat- deeper roots & more waxy cuticles

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8
Q

Effects of depopulation on Caatinga?

A

Ageing population

Farms deteriorate as young workforce leave

Animals struggle to survive in drought conditions

Negative multiplier effect for the local economy

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9
Q

Push factors away from Caatinga?

A

Drought

Quality farmland was flooded so a new dam could be built

Poor access to water

Disease/poverty/famine

Remoteness/lack of facilities

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10
Q

Pull factors to cities from Caatinga?

A

Prospect of jobs

Better access to healthcare

Bright lights effect

More consistent provision of food

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11
Q

How are the government trying to stop/slow down depopulation from Caatinga?

A

Rural resettlement schemes with government grants

Better water & irrigation systems developed

Building hydroelectric power stations to attract businesses to the area & improve local economy

Research into drought resistant crop

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12
Q

What are Ghana’s main exports?

A

Gold, cocoa & timber

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13
Q

What are Ghana’s main imports?

A

Oil, machinery, tools, vehicles & medical equipment

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14
Q

Other than through trade, where does a lot of Ghana’s money come from?

A

Tourism

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15
Q

Problems with the pattern of international trade & Ghana

A

Ghana is not part of any trade bloc- does not receive free trade

High tariffs on Ghanaian chocolate protects EU chocolate makers but stunts Ghana’s growth

EU food imports undercut food produced in Ghana (called ‘dumping’)

Ghana tried to put tariffs on EU food imports but were blocked by their loan agreement with the world bank

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16
Q

Improvements/successes in Ghanaian trade?

A

In 2007, Ghana agreed an economic agreement with the EU guaranteeing zero tariffs on almost all Ghanaian exports until 2022

Zero tariffs on Ghanaian cocoa means the farmers have now experienced free trade

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17
Q

Where is Rio de Janeiro found?

A

On the south coast of brazil on the Tropic of Capricorn

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18
Q

Give some information about Rio de Janeiro

A

It grew massively in the 1950s due to tourism & industry

Large shanty towns grew on the periphery of the city in the 1960s

1/3 of the population live below the poverty line

Poor housing, traffic, pollution and crime

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19
Q

Where are favelas built?

A

Cheap land
Rubbish tips
Swamps
Hillsides

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20
Q

Why do people move to Rio from the countryside?

A

Prospect of jobs
Bright lights effect
Poor conditions in countryside

21
Q

How is the housing problem in Rio being dealt with?

A

Self help schemes

Site and service schemes

Bulldozing

Rural resettlement schemes

Rural improvement schemes

Urban resettlement schemes (barra de tujica)

23
Q

Where does Nokia hire & who does it hire?

A

Hires 112000 people worldwide

Has research & development in 10 countries

Has factories in 10 countries

Hires people in over 150 countries

24
Q

Advantages of MNCs like Nokia?

A

Provides jobs to local people

Boosts local businesses through positive multiplier effect

25
Q

Disadvantages of MNCs like Nokia

A

Highly skilled, highly paid work in MEDCs where’s lower skilled, lower paid work in LEDC

Companies may move elsewhere if they find somewhere

30
Q

Give a fact about Nokia

A

It is the world’s largest manufacturer of mobile phones

31
Q

Where is the catchment area and drainage basin of the Mississippi River?

A

Source of the river on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains

Has many 100s of tributaries

Splits off into its distributaries at the Gulf of Mexico

32
Q

What are the pros of levees?

A

Contain rising river

Protect nearby settlements

Allow land near river to be used for economic gain

33
Q

Cons of levees

A

Expensive

Restrict access to river

34
Q

Pros of channel straightening

A

Cheaper transport costs

Flow of river can be more closely controlled

35
Q

Cons of river straightening

A

Expensive to maintain

River eventually cuts back to its original meanders

36
Q

Pros of wing dikes

A

Force current to midstream

Prevents bank erosion

Protects & maintains shipping lane

37
Q

Cons of wing dikes

A

Expensive

38
Q

What are concrete mattresses?

A

Putting concrete at the river bed

39
Q

Pros of concrete mattresses?

A

Get excess discharge away faster

40
Q

Cons of concrete matresses

A

Faster river can lead to flooding downstream

41
Q

Pros of dredging?

A

Keeps open shipping lane

Cheap

No cons

42
Q

Give examples of methods used to control the Mississippi River

A

Levees

River straightening

Wing dykes

Concrete mattresses

Dredging

43
Q

Why is the Mississippi River controlled?

A

Allows for settlements to be built along river

Important part of US transport network

Reduces costs from flooding

44
Q

Should the river Mississippi be maintained?

A

YES:
It keeps people safe
It provides a location for an economic activity

NO:
Nature will always win (eg. Channel straightening)
Costs billions of dollars

45
Q

Where is Barcelona and what is it’s population

A

Barcelona is the capital of the region of Catalonia

It has a population of 4.2 million people

46
Q

Are there equal access to all groups in barcelona?

A

The services are not evenly distributed around Barcelona

Some services are more expensive than others so not all groups of people can afford them

47
Q

Distribution for ethnic groups in barcelona

A

27.6% of Barcelona’s immigrant population live in the El Raval region of Barcelona

10 out of 16 of Barcelona’s mosques are found in El Raval

The majority of Barcelona’s halal butchers and Asian video rental stores are found in El Raval

48
Q

Access to services in El Raval

A

El Raval contains 27.6% of Barcelona’s immigrant population

There are more sufferers of aids, malaria & TB in El Raval than the rest of the city combined

Poor access to leisure facilities

Poor access to health services

49
Q

Name a rich region of barcelona

A

Sarria sant Gervasi

50
Q

Describe the access to services in Sarria Sant Gervasi

A

Highest life expectancy of any region in Barça

Lowest population density of any region

Highest house prices of any region

Better access to leisure facilities and health services than in El Raval

51
Q

When did the Bangkok floods occur?

A

2011

52
Q

Reasons for the Bangkok flood?

A

Upstream river did not release water early enough and so overflowed

1 of the 3 main flood channels was shut off

The flood walls did not work

Government prioritised keeping cities dry at the expense of deeper water elsewhere

Hundreds of blocked canals due to years of mismanagement

53
Q

Solutions to the Bangkok flooding problem?

A

Investment in prevention:
More retention pools, drainage tunnels and pumping stations

Downsize Bangkok and move government buildings to higher ground

54
Q

Affects of the flood in Bangkok?

A

Businesses, factories & homes underwater

500 killed; 12 million affected

Overall cost of the flood was £29 billion- most expensive disaster EVER

disturbed business- damaged economy

1822 mm of rainfall- wettest year on record

Geography (7 decks)

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