Case Studies Flashcards
Chile 2010. Social Economic and Environmental statistics and MMS
Social
Deaths: over 500
Infrastructure damage: 370,000 houses
Economic
Cost: 30BN
Environmental
Drowning and flattening of beaches from the consequent tsunami
MMS: 8.8
Nepal 2015. Social Economic and Environmental statistics and MMS
Social
Deaths: 9000
Infrastructure damage: 800,000 houses
Economic
Cost: $7.1bn
Environmental
Loss of agricultural land and changes to the nature of water sources
MMS: 7.8
Hati 2010 Social Economic and Environmental statistics and MMS
Social
Deaths: 300,000
Infrastructure damage: countless homes mostly in informal settlements
Economic
Cost: 1.5-1.7 USD
Environmental
Huge destruction to landscape
MMS: 7.0
Iceland 2011 Social Economic and Environmental statistics and VEI
Social
Deaths: 0
Infrastructure damage: homes, cars and services. 100,000 destroyed.
Economic
Cost: $3bn
Environmental
Damage to environment and jokulhlaups caused widespread chaos
VEI: 4
Congo Social Economic and Environmental statistics and VEI
Social
Deaths: 250
Infrastructure damage: 120,000 left homeless
Economic
Cost: General economic disruption
Environmental
Fertilised soil
VEI: unknown
Japan 2011 Social Economic and Environmental statistics
Social
Deaths: 18,500
Hight: 130ft
Infrastructure damage: 123,000 homes
Economic
Cost: 220bn USD
Environmental
Widespread disruption to natural life
Boxing Day Tsunami Social Economic and Environmental statistics
Social
Deaths: 225,000
Hight: 167 ft
Infrastructure damage: immeasurable amount of local infrastructure
Economic
Cost: 10bn
Environmental
Environmental ruin
Chile 2010. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Severity of impact, context, and profile-
Offshore earthquake which generated a tsunami which caused most damage. Earthquakes are frequent in Chile hence infrastructure is in place such as immediate search and rescue response. This means that a severe event was mitigated, and the primary and tertiary industries were quickly rebuilt.
Vulnerability and resistance to event (PARC’s model)-
Remarkable resilience due to a strong economy with GDP of 335BN in 2023 and effective governance. Quick response minimised casualties and expedited recovery.
Chile 2010 Short term and long term aid
Short term aid-
Immediate response included international search and rescue teams, water blankets, food, and medicine. Chilean army dispatched 10,000 solders to support.
Long term aid-
Reconstruction efforts and within 4 years the country was rebuilt and in a better position.
Nepal 2015. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Severity of impact, context and profile-
Severe shaking impacting hundreds of thousands. Triggered landslide most significantly on Mt Everest. Recovery has taken years because of the nature of the economy’s inaccessibility to support. Rurality has played a factor and the economy wasn’t easily jump started after the event.
Earthquakes of this scale are uncommon.
Vulnerability and resistance to event (PARC’s model)-
International aid filled the many vulnerabilities left by the Govt. Efforts have been made to build back better but this has been slow work.
Hati 2010 Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Close to the capitol. Shallow hypocentre increased negative impact.
PARC’s curve would show a negative position irrespective of the starting point. Still hasn’t fully recovered and has accentuated the cycle of poverty in hati with more challenges now existing to escaping this poverty.
Nepal 2015. Short term and long term aid
Short term aid-
Immediate responses included international search and rescue teams, medical assistance, food, water and temp shelters. Red Cross and UNICEF provided significant aid.
Long term aid-
Long term aid has focused on rebuilding core infrastructure.
Hati 2010 Short and long term aid.
Short term aid-
International aid pored in from around the world. The US send 10K troops and UN and NGO’s played critical roles.
Long term aid-
Billions spent on reconstruction focused on constructing less informal settlements however the huge extent to the damage has made this a challenge.
Iceland 2011 Short and long term aid.
Short term aid-
No external aid and all were evacuated and supported in temporary accommodation.
Long term aid-
Long term reconstruction focusses on rebuilding infrastructure which was efficiently done and tourist economy was able to re-open.
Iceland 2011. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Ash cloud disrupted Europe for several weeks and cost EU airlines billions of euros.
High level of resistance with effective disaster management systems international co-operating proving key role in recovery.
Congo. Short and long term aid
Short term aid-
Evacuations, provisions of emergency shelters and international assistance to manage ash fallout. UN and NGO’s played an important role in supporting displaced and keeping supplies flowing.
Long term aid-
Rebuilding infrastructure and providing housing. International organisations and govts have contributed to significant financial support for reconstruction and disaster preparedness.
Congo. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Near boarder to Rawanda and about 18 miles from city. Highly disruptive eruption and covered 15% of city covering 12,500 homes. Most deaths were from carbon monoxide poisoning. Vulnerability and resistance to event (PARC’s model)-
The resilience of the affected communities have been remarkable with efforts to improve disaster preparedness. Despite the challenges the spirit of the people and international support have played a key role in the recovery process.
Japan 2011. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
Severity of impact, context and profile-
Distruction across the coast resulting in significant damage. Recovery has been ongoing for years with progressive revcovery efforts to ensure that there is continued development.
Efforts were successful in building back better
Japan 2011.Short and long term aid
Short term aid-
Search and resue operations assisted by Japan’s intelleent response approach. This recovery was supported and assisted by the Japanise Govt.
Long term aid-
The long term response has been focused on rebuilding infrastructure, providing housing and supporting economic recovery. International support and financial aid have been instrumental to this. Additionally measures have been taken to improve disaster and preparedness response systems.
Boxing Day 2004. Severity of impact and vulnerability and residence to event
9.1 mg earthquake triggered the tsunami which travelled across the Indian ocean and it was due to completely insufficient resources communicating the event which led to so many deaths.
14 countries were effected including Sri Lanka.
Hugely vulnerable because lack of development and local knowledge unlike in other examples.
Boxing Day 2004. Short and long term aid
Short term aid-
Search and rescue operations, emergency shelters, medical assistance and international aid 14bn from international sources
Long term aid-
Installing awareness and community planning
