Case Studies Flashcards
What is Behaviourism and who was the studier?
Skinner - Said that children could be moulded through operant conditioning, which is learning through consequence
What are the 4 examples of operant conditioning?
Positive Reinforcement - Present subject with something that it like
Negative Reinforcement - Removing something that the subject doesn’t like
Positive Punishment - Introducing a negative consequence
Negative Punishment - Removing an existing privilege
What is Nativism and who was the studier?
Chomsky - Believed that children have an innate ability to acquire language, called a Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
What is the first study of Social Constructivism and who was the studier?
Vygotsky - Identified a ‘Zone of Proximal Development’, which is a time period where you learn the fastest through being assisted or guided
What is the second study of Social Constructivism and who was the studier?
Bruner - Identified the main process by which children acquire language to be the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS), and stressed social interaction and participation
What is Cognitivism and who was the studier?
Piaget - Believed that children have 4 cognitive leaps which can come at a range of ages, but always in the same order.
What are Piaget’s 4 Cognitive Leaps?
4-7 months - object permanence - things we can’t see still exist
18-24 months - self awareness - recognising ones physical form
4-5 years - theory of mind - understanding others have separate experiences and views
6+ years - Conservation - shape doesn’t alter number(6y/o), mass(7y/o), or weight(9y/o)
Who was Genie and who was the studier?
Curtiss - Genie grew up in an abusive household where she was forced to be essentially non-verbal until the age of 13, so it was attempted to teach her the basics of verbal language
What skills could and couldn’t Genie acquire?
Could acquire:
- A fairly wide vocabulary with several word classes
- Telegraphic SVO utterances
- An understanding of abstract concepts which were more advanced than her language
Couldn’t acquire:
- The ability to apply grammatical rules correctly
- The ability to follow the conventions of discourse
Who was Jim and who were the studiers?
Bard and Sachs - A hearing child of deaf parents who wanted him to be verbal. He learnt spoken language predominantly from TV and radio, but made little progress until working with a speech therapist
What was Nicaraguan Sign Language and who was the studier?
Kegl - A group of deaf Nicaraguan children who developed their own sign language without input from outsiders, with its own grammar, style and slang
