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GEOG: paper 2 > Case Studies > Flashcards

Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

(HUMAN) what is the case study for economic and social change in rural areas

A

IT in Devon

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2
Q

(HUMAN)
IT in Devon:
Name 4 impacts of the move from London

A
  1. Population in Devon has doubled in the last 2 years
  2. 2003 employees moved from London to Devon
  3. Employees were given grants to help with the move
  4. Lack of housing in the area pushed the locals out
  5. Large area for company to expand on
  6. House prices increased by a lot
  7. 170 miles to central London
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3
Q

(HUMAN) name the case study for challenges faced in rural areas

A

CORNWALL

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4
Q

(HUMAN)
Cornwall:
What were the issues faced by Cornwall?

A
  1. there are no large population centres.
  2. No knowledge economy that could raise incomes – has U.K.’s lowest weekly average wage.
  3. Much of the employment is tertiary linked to seasonal part time and low wage
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5
Q

(HUMAN)
Cornwall
What were the main primary industries in Cornwall?

A
  1. Farming- number of cattle fallen by 60% sine 2000s
  2. fishing - suffered serious decline
  3. Tin mining- hard to mine, wasn’t worth while
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6
Q

(HUMAN)
Cornwall
How has deprivation affected Cornwall?

A

1.Only 35% of villages have a doctors surgery
2. Lowest average weekly wage (£340- London= £660)
3, most employment is seasonal

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7
Q

(HUMAN) What is the case study for new opportunities

A

Cornwall

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8
Q

(HUMAN)
Cornwall
Impacts of the Eden Project

A
  1. Created £1 billion for the economy
  2. Created 3000 jobs in other sectors and employed 700 people
  3. Built on a derelict brownfield site
  4. 97% people who visit travel by car emblem though it’s a sustainable project
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9
Q

(HUMAN)
Cornwall
How have farm shops helped?

A
  1. Sells lots of fresh produce
  2. Example of farm diversification (farms adding new ways of making money)
  3. Popular in rural areas
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10
Q

(HUMAN)
What is the case study that describes an accessible rural area that relies on London

A

Terling- Essex

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11
Q

(HUMAN)
What are the features of Terling Essex

A
  1. Those that live there commute to London for work (dormitory town)
  2. Railway station is five minute drive away.
  3. 45 minute train ride to London.
  4. Chelmsford is seven minute drive away which includes services like shops and goods
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12
Q

(HUMAN)
What are the problems with living in terling, Essex

A
  1. An uprise of online shopping means fewer people shop locally shops are struggling to stay open.
  2. NHS can’t afford small surgeries – doctors are shut often.
  3. Post office is under threat due to government cuts.
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13
Q

(HUMAN)
What is the case study for the rural periphery

A

Allerdale, Lake District, Cumbria

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14
Q

(HUMAN)
Why is Allerdale top of the list for happiness and affordability?

A
  1. Attract those retiring or to live quite a lifestyle.
  2. Perceived to be better to live in the countryside.
  3. Cheapest homes in UK
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15
Q

(HUMAN)
Allerdale
What are negatives of living in a rural periphery

A

Little transport, little entertainment, low population density so people would feel isolated, view University and job opportunities, and lack of infrastructure.

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16
Q

(HUMAN)
What is the case study for the rise of the new economy

A

LONDON (London docklands)

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17
Q

(HUMAN)
What were the aims of regenerating the London Docklands area?

A
  1. Insure housing of is available for all
  2. encouraging industries
  3. bringing land and buildings to use
  4. creating an attractive environment
18
Q

(HUMAN)
What were the causes of decline for London Docklands?

A

Goods were transported quicker by air, Docklands were damaged by water, containerisation – ships too large for shallow Docs due to containers being introduced for safe for trade

19
Q

(HUMAN)
What were the effects of the London Docklands decline?

A

20,000 jobs were lost.
60% of the land came disused
population fell by 20%
employment rate was 18%

20
Q

(HUMAN)
What was achieved by regenerating the London Docklands area?

A

Physical - Over 700 hectares of derelict land reclaimed within the urban and development area, improved public transport.
Economic – over £700 billion public sector investment, Employment raised by 150%, over 40,000 new jobs created
Social – 95% population growth, nearly 20,000 new homes completed, over £100 million spent on education health care and services


21
Q

(HUMAN)
What is the case study for the decline of the old economy?

A

Dinnington, coal mine in Yorkshire

22
Q

(HUMAN)
Dinnington coal mine
describe the effects of the coal mine closure

A

Coal mines were based in villages so live in close – with family. So when the mind closed it greatly affected everything (Negative multiplier affect) . Closure of businesses having a knock-on effect on other business employees

23
Q

(HUMAN)
Name key points about Dinnington coal mine in Yorkshire

A

Coal mining employed 1 million people, many old mills were converted into apartments, pits were regenerated into retail business parks, coal mining was uneconomic and dangerous

24
Q

(HUMAN) what is the KEY case study for this topic

A

LONDON!!

25
Q

(HUMAN) What are the U.K.’s urban cores

A

Glasgow, Birmingham, London, Newcastle, Liverpool, Manchester

26
Q

(HUMAN) What are the reasons for UK population growth

A

Rising birthrate, globalisation, net immigration, EU membership – free to work anywhere, London’s knowledge economy 

27
Q

(HUMAN)
London
Why did parts of London decline?

A

Decentralisation – shifting balance of online shopping and employment away from the CBD e.g. shopping online.
Containerisation bigger ships needed bigger docks.
Derelict areas.
Deindustrialisation – decreased activity in manufacturing equals closure of industries. Suburbanisation

28
Q

(HUMAN)
London
What are the impacts of globalisation?

A

Privatisation equals change in ownership from public to private
Free-trade – without import tariffs and free flow of goods
Foreign direct investment – invest anywhere with unrestricted flows of Capitals

29
Q

(HUMAN)
London
How is London’s situation important to its growth?

A

It is close to Europe so is a good place for trade and can trade by sea quickly
London has a large population and economy and port
Time zone can help with economic growth

30
Q

(HUMAN) London
Factors leading to re-urbanisation?

A

Space – closure of industries created space for redevelopment on brownfield sites
Investment – large TNCs created jobs in services in finance in London
Gentrification – high income earners moving to a rundown area to easily commute to work investing money into the area to regenerate the area to accommodate their fancy lifestyle 
Student furcation – students moving there for university or education

31
Q

(HUMAN) What is the case study for sustainable living?

A

Beddington zero energy development (bedZED) Wallington, London

32
Q

(HUMAN)
bedZED
Name all the Benefits/effects of the BEDZED project

A

First carbon zero development in the UK
Home to 250 residents
All resources found within 50 miles of the site
Solar panels on the roof and thick walls to prevent heat loss
Bigger sense of community
Eliminates 29% contribution to the CO2 omissions
Lowers carbon footprint
Own on-site water treatment plant and field heat plant
south facing captures sunlight
car journeys reduced by 65%
Water consumption is 58% lower than local average
Was built on a Brownfield site
Expensive or renewable resources that need to be maintained

33
Q

(HUMAN)
London
Why has London expanded.

A
  1. Family size – has fallen and fertility rates decreased so more homes in space are needed
  2. Suburbanisation – from in a suburbs to outer suburbs and more bigger affordable housing
  3. Increase divorce and later marriage – people stay single for longer so mourn houses are needed
  4. Counter urbanisation – people moving out of London often to home cities, boundary between city and countryside has become blurred
34
Q

(PHYSICAL) What is the flooding case study?

A

The Boscastle floods- Cornwall

35
Q

(PHYSICAL)
boscastle floods,
Physical causes of the flood?

A
  1. Over 60 mm of rainfall fell into hours
  2. Ground was already saturated due to previous over average rainfall
  3. Boscastle receive 25% more rainfall than usual
  4. Rivers were overflowed
  5. Drainage basin had many steep slopes and impermeable surfaces causing the surface run-off
  6. High tide made impact twice
36
Q

(PHYSICAL)
boscastle floods
Human causes of the flood?

A

1.lots of impermeable surfaces (concrete)
2. Trees and vehicles blocked the river channel
3. Lack of flood protection and old drainage systems couldn’t cope

37
Q

(PHYSICAL)
boscastle floods,
Impacts of the flood?

A

Loss of tourism and damage to businesses (major impact on income)
Residents had little time to react
Rebuilding project had to be put in place
Environmental and wildlife damage
Coastal pollution – fuel running into the sea

38
Q

(PHYSICAL)
What is the case study for coastal erosion and coastal management?

A

Happisburgh

39
Q

(PHYSICAL)
Happisburgh
Why is Happisburgh vulnerable

A

It is low-lying land and its geology is soft rock meaning it will erode quickly
It has a long fetch generating powerful waves
Narrow beaches – don’t give much protection to the cliffs
Sea level is increasingly rising

40
Q

(PHYSICAL)
Happisburgh
What are the social economic and environmental effects of the erosion of Happisburgh

A

Social – houses have fallen into the sea, families left homeless, people believe their safety and security should be protected
Economic affects – negatively impacted tourism and reduced income, sea defences are very expensive so governments may not be the best
Environmental – it is important to preserve the wildlife and natural habitats from destruction

41
Q

(HUMAN) What are the 3 London suburbs affected most by migration

A
  1. Richmond upon Thames (rich)
  2. Lambeth (middle)
  3. Newham (poor)

GEOG: paper 2 (5 decks)

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