Case law

Question 1

Van Binsbergen

Answer 1

1) Article 56 is capable of direct effect

2) Discriminatory measures constitutes as a restriction

Question 2

Sager v Dennemeyer

Answer 2

Indirect discrimination also constitute as a restriction under Article 56

Question 3

Analir v Administracion General del Estado

Answer 3

ECJ: measures which ‘render less attractive activities’ of a provider of services also constitute as a restriction