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Semester 4 anatomy > case 6 anatomy > Flashcards

case 6 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

At which vertebral level is left kidney found

A

T11-L2

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2
Q

At which vertebral level is left kidney found

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

Lumbar (aortic) lymph nodes drain into

A

Lumbar trunks to cysterna chyli

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4
Q

What are kidneys covered by?

A

Connective tissue capsule, peri renal fat, renal fascia, pararenal fat

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5
Q

Which structures enter/leave at the hilum of kidneys

A

Ureter, lymph vessels, symp fibres, veins and arteries

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6
Q

Afferent info form ureters are transmitted by symp fibres at levels

A

T11 to L2

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7
Q

Where is ureteric pain referred to?

A

Ipsilateral lower quadrant of abdominal wall and groin

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8
Q

Where does left gonadal vein drain into

A

Left renal vein

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9
Q

Where does right gonadal vein drain into

A

IVC

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10
Q

Blood supply to ureter

A

Renal, aorta, gonadal, vesicular, common and internal iliac arteries

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11
Q

Ureter has 3 layers

A

Mucosa, muscularis, connective tissue

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12
Q

Mucosal epithelium of ureter

A

Transitional

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13
Q

The epithelial layer of ureter is arranged in folds. Why?

A

So urine CNS pass through without tearing it

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14
Q

How is transitional epithelium arranged?

A

Made of stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal cells

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15
Q

What property does transitional epithelium offer

A

To allow stretching

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16
Q

Muscularis layer of ureter

A

Inner longitudinal, outer circular, lower 1/3 has extra outer longitudinal layer

17
Q

What does muscularis layer allow ureter to do?

A

Peristalsis of urine

18
Q

At the hilum of kidney

A

renal vein is anterior to renal artery, which is anterior to renal pelvis

19
Q

At which vertebral level do renal arteries arise

A

Between L1 and L2

20
Q

Which 2 vessels drain into left renal vein

A

Left suprarenal vein and left gonadal

21
Q

Renal arteries divide into _____ at renal hilum

A

5 segmental arteries

22
Q

List the series of vessels in the kidneys from renal arteries to renal veins

A

Renal artery to segmental arteries to interlobar arteries to arcuate arteries to inter lobular arteries to afferent arterioles to glomerulus to efferent arterioles peri tubular network to renal veins

23
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic fibres are transmitted in

A

Least splanchnic nerves from T12

24
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic fibres arise mainly from

A

Coeliac and aorticorenal ganglia

25
Q

Sympathietic fibre Action on kidneys

A

Vasoconstriction, reduce renal blood flow

26
Q

Parasymp function on kidneys

A

By vagus nerve, function - unknown

27
Q

Afferent info form kidneys enter spinal cord at levels T12 and L1. Which area is supplied by these dermatomes

A

Flank region

28
Q

In intravenous urograms which structures are highlighted by contrast media?

A

Kidney stones, urine infections, blood in urine, obstruction/ damage to urinary tract

29
Q

What is the shape of right suprarenal gland

A

Pyramidal

30
Q

What is the shape of left suprarenal gland

A

Semi-lunar

31
Q

Blood supply to suprarenal glands

A

inferior phrenic - superior suprarenal artery, aorta - middle suprarenal artery, Renal artery - inferior suprarenal artery

32
Q

Venous drainage of suprarenal glands

A

right suprarenal vein - IVC, Left suprarenal vein and inferior phrenic vein - left renal

33
Q

Function of suprarenal cortex

A

Secrete corticosteroids

34
Q

Function of suprarenal medulla

A

Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline

35
Q

Epithelium of proximal and distal convoluted tubules

A

Simple cuboidal

36
Q

Glomerular filtration barrier is formed by

A

Capillary endothelium - lamina fenestra, basement membrane, visceral layer of bowman ‘s capsule - podocytes

Semester 4 anatomy (9 decks)

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