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Semester 4 anatomy > case 4 anatomy > Flashcards

case 4 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of Midgut

A

Distal ½ of the duodenum, the jejunum, ilium, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

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2
Q

Arterial Supply to Midgut

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of Midgut

A

Lesser splanchnic nerves (T10-11)

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4
Q

ParaSympathetic Innervation of Midgut

A

Vagus

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5
Q

Contents of Hindgut

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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6
Q

Arterial supply to hindgut

A

IMA

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7
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of Hindgut

A

least splanchnic nerve and Lumbar splanchnic nerves (T12-L2)

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of Hindgut

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

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9
Q

Which has thicker wall and wider lumen: jejunum or ileum

A

Jejunum

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10
Q

Difference in arcades and vasa recta between jejunum and ileum

A

Jejunum: fewer arcades and longer vasa recta
Ileum: more arcades and shorter vasa recta

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11
Q

Which branches of the superior mesenteric artery supply the jejunum and ileum?

A

jejunal and ileal branches

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12
Q

What are pilcae circulares

A

Circular mucosal folds in the small intestine

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13
Q

arrangement of plicae circulares across small intestine

A

not found at the start of the duodenum.
In the horizontal & ascending parts of the duodenum and the upper ½ of the jejunum, they are large and numerous.
From the middle of the jejunum to the middle of the ileum, they diminish considerably in size.
In the lower part of the ileum, they almost entirely disappear, which is why this part of the intestine is thinner.

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14
Q

Name the intestinal glands that project into lamina propria

A

Crypts of lieberkuhn

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15
Q

What are peyer’s patches and where are they located?

A

Closely packed small groups of lymph nodes in the mucosal and submucosal layers of distal ileum

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16
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Caecum

A

Intraperitoneal

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17
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Appendix

A

Intraperitoneal

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18
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Ascending colon

A

Retroperitoneal

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19
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Transverse colon

A

Intraperitoneal

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20
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Descending colon

A

Retroperitoneal

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21
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Sigmoid colon

A

Intraperitoneal

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22
Q

Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal:

Rectum

A

Upper 1/3 - intraperitoneal, middle 1/3 - retroperitoneal, lower 1/3 - infraperitoneal

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23
Q

Attachments of transverse mesocolon

A

Attaches to transverse colon and to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

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24
Q

Name the gutters that are important in the spread of infection and cancer because they allow a passage for infectious fluids from different areas of the abdomen.

A

left medial (infracolic), left lateral, right medial (infracolic), and right lateral paracolic gutter

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25
Q

Which 3 bands of longitudinal muscles make up the teniae coli?

A

mesocolic tenia, free tenia and the omental tenia

26
Q

What and where is the marginal artery?

A

marginal artery is an artery that anastomoses the superior mesenteric artery with the inferior mesenteric artery. The splenic flexure is supplied by both the superior & inferior mesenteric arteries, and so it is the marginal artery that carries this blood supply.

27
Q

Where is the McBurney’s point?

A

base of the appendix is located at McBurney’s point. McBurney’s point is on the right side of the abdomen, 1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus.

28
Q

Note the position of the hepatic flexure

A

At the level of the 9th and 10th ribs

29
Q

Position of transverse colon is very variable, but likely to be

A

inferior to the level of the iliac crests along with its mesentery (transverse mesocolon)

30
Q

At which vertebral level does Rectum begin?

A

S3

31
Q

How is the internal aspect of rectum arranged?

A

rectum has 2 or 3 lateral curves that form submucosal folds in the lumen, known as the valves of Houston.

32
Q

Where does the rectum terminate and anal canal begin

A

At the levator an

33
Q

Which two vessels unite to form the hepatic portal vein and where?

A

Superior mesenteric and splenic veins, posterior To the neck of pancreas

34
Q

Hepatic portal vein runs to the liver in the _____ ligament

A

Hepatoduodenal

35
Q

Which structures course through the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct = portal triad

36
Q

Where does hepatic portal vein terminate

A

IVC

37
Q

Which veins anastomoses at the submucosa of the inferior oesophagus?

A

oesophageal branch of left gastric vein & oesophageal branches of Azygos vein.
clinical consequence - oesophageal varices.

38
Q

Which veins anastomoses at the submucosa of the anal canal?

A

superior rectal vein, middle rectal vein & inferior rectal vein.
clinical consequence - rectal varices

39
Q

Which veins anastomoses in the para umbilical region?

A

Para umbilical veins and superficial epigastric vein

Clinical consequence - caput medusae

40
Q

Which veins anastomoses in the retroperitoneal region?

A

right colic, middle colic, left colic, renal, suprarenal, paravertebral & gonadal veins.

41
Q

Lymphatic drainage of stomach

A

Superior 2/3: Left & right gastric nodes to aortic nodes.
Right greater curvature & pylorus: Right gastroepiploic vessels drain into subpyloric nodes then into celiac nodes.
Left greater curvature: Short gastric, splenic vessels, and superior pancreatic nodes into celiac nodes.

42
Q

Lymphatic drainage of duodenum

A

Anterior lymph vessels drain into pancreatoduodenal nodes and then into pyloric nodes. Posterior lymph vessels drain into superior mesenteric lymph nodes. They then drain into celiac nodes.

43
Q

Lymphatic drainage of liver

A

Parasternal nodes

44
Q

Lymphatic drainage of pancreas

A

Pancreaticosplenic nodes, then pyloric nodes, and then either pancreaticoduodenal nodes or superior mesenteric nodes.

45
Q

Lymphatic drainage of jejunum & ileum

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

46
Q

Lymphatic drainage of caecum

A

Ileocolic nodes

47
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ascending, transverse and descending colon

A

Paracolic nodes –> superior mesenteric artery

48
Q

Lymphatic drainage of sigmoid colon

A

Inferior mesenteric nodes –> IMA

49
Q

Lymphatic drainage of rectum

A

Upper: pararectal nodes
Lower: internal iliac nodes

50
Q

Where does lymph form GI tract eventually drain to?

A

Cisterna chyli, located lower end of thoracic duct –> left subclavian vein

51
Q

Lymphatic drainage of anus

A

Upper: internal iliac nodes
Lower: superficial inguinal nodes

52
Q

Visceral innervation of foregut

A

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9)

Dermatome: T6-T8. Epigastric region.

53
Q

Visceral innervation of midgut

A

Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11)

Dermatome: T9-T10. Periumbilical

54
Q

Visceral innervation of hindgut

A

Descending & sigmoid colon - least and lumbar splanchnic nerves (T12-L2)
Rectum - pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4)
Dermatome: T11-L1 hypochondrium

55
Q

Name the three branches of coeliac trunk

A

Splenic
Left gastric
Hepatic

56
Q

Normal transit time for large intestine

A

18-24 hrs

57
Q

How often are haustral contractions

A

Every 30 mins

58
Q

Mass movements

A

2-3 times/day
Persist for 30 mins
Occurs mainly in transverse and descending colon

59
Q

What are mass movements triggered by?

A

Gastrocolic reflex and duodenocolic reflex

60
Q

Peritoneal organs are covered in serosa or adventitia?

A

Serosa

61
Q

Retroperitoneal organs are covered in serosa or adventitia?

A

Adventitia

Semester 4 anatomy (9 decks)

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