Case 54: Hepatitis B Flashcards

1
Q

what are the presenting symptoms of HepB?

A
  • fevers
  • chills
  • headache
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • abdominal pain
  • jaundice
  • itching
  • hepatomegaly

IV drug use/sharing needles

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2
Q

what are the lab results from a HepB patient?

A

low Hct

elevated lymphocytes

high ATL and AST

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of the HepB genome?

A

hepadnaviridae = enveloped dsDNA

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4
Q

what is HbsAg?

A

HbsAg = envelope protein in HepB

HBsAg is the
primary component of the hepatitis B vaccine; this antigen induces a protective,
neutralizing antibody that provides long-term protection against HBV infection.

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5
Q

what are the important HepB proteins?

A

HBsAg

HBcAg

HBeAg

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6
Q

what are the diagnostic markers of HepB?

A

HBsAg, HBcAg,

and HBeAg and their respective antibodies

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7
Q

how is HepB transmitted?

A

parenteral = IV drug abuse, needles, blood, etc.

sexual contact

perinatal transmission

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8
Q

what causes the clinical manifestations of HepB?

A

virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are

responsible for clinical manifestations, and for the eventual resolution of infection

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9
Q

what is the first serologic marker to appear after an acute HBV infection?

A

HBsAg

in people who recover, HBsAg is no longer
detectable in serum after an average period of about 3 months

anti-HBs becomes
detectable during convalescence after the disappearance of HBsAg in patients who do
not progress to chronic infection

the presence of anti-HBs following acute infection
generally indicates recovery and immunity from reinfection

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10
Q

what marker is diagnostic of HBV acute infection?

A

detection of IgM HBcAb

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11
Q

how do you treat HepB?

A

no specific antiviral treatment

supportive treatment like interferon-α,
lamivudine, or adefovir

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12
Q

how do you prevent HepB?

A

don’t share needles

avoid needle sticks in the hospital

recombinant vaccine available

Hepatitis B immune
globulin (HBIG) is recommended for postexposure prophylaxis and is most effective
when administered soon after exposure, preferably within 48 hours

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