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P1 Spring - Pharmaceutics II > Case 4 definitions > Flashcards

Case 4 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

temp at which suppositories melt, dissolve, soften

A

98.6F or 37C

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2
Q

cocoa butter

A

fat from the seeds of chocolate beans; natural TGs

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3
Q

cocoa butter advantages

A

non irritating and excellent emollient

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4
Q

cocoa butter disadvantages

A

poor and erratic release
stored at fridge temp
easily overheated = polymorph forms

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5
Q

PEG

A

water soluble base; do not melt at body temp but dissolve in body fluids; different hardness or dissolution is achieved by combining different kinds

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6
Q

glycerinated gelatin

A

mix of 70 pts glycerin; 20 pts gelatin, 10 pts water to create a soft rubbery consistency

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7
Q

PEG and glycerinated advantages

A

dissolve in 30-40 minutes
do not melt
do not leak
do not required monitored temperature

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8
Q

PEG and glycerinated disadvantages

A

irritating to body cavity tissues

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9
Q

cocoa butter melts between _____ it must be formulated

A

31-34; slowly and evenly without overheating due to possibility of polymorph forming

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10
Q

Wecobee or Witepsol

A

synthetic TGs less hard to formulate than cocoa butter but more expensive

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11
Q

Fattibase

A

composed of mixture of FAs; does not have formulation difficulties; less expensive than wecobee and witepsol but still more than cocoa butter

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12
Q

polybase

A

PEG mixture of 40% 8000 and 60% 400 used to create water soluble bases

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13
Q

glycerinated gelatin is

A

hygroscopic; it absorbs moisture from the air must be stored in airtight container

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14
Q

important factors to consider when selecting a suppository base

A

patient comfort: fatty bases = more comfortable
compatibility and stability
speed and consistency of drug release

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15
Q

oil sol drug + oil base =

A

slow release / poor escaping tendency

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16
Q

water sol drug + water base =

A

rapid erratic release

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17
Q

oil sol drug + water base

A

moderate release

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18
Q

water sol drug + water base =

A

moderate release based on diffusion

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19
Q

fatty bases are preferred for ____ and PEG bases are preferred for ____

A

rectal suppositories; vaginal and urethral suppositories

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20
Q

advantages of hand rolling suppositories

A

special equipment is not required

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21
Q

disadvantages of hand rolling suppositories

A

requires experience and good technique

final product does not have an elegant appearance

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22
Q

advantages for fusion method

A

does not require well developed compounding tech

final product is elegant

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23
Q

disadvantages for fusion method

A

special molds required
caution must be used with drugs sensitive to heat
there are a lot of calculations involved to do it correctly

24
Q

practical aspects of dispensing suppositories

A

indicate route of administration
state preparation
aux labels should be used
rectal suppositories must be inserted passed the sphincter so they are not immediately ejected (1 inch in adult and 1/2-1 in children)
sit for 15 minutes and avoid emptying bowels for an hour unless its a laxative

25
Q

rectal cavity

A

terminal portion of the colon; 8 inches in length composed of rectum, anal canal, anus

26
Q

rectum

A

terminal section of the intestine; relative straight
serves as a transitional area from the colon to the external part of the body
simple columnar and cuboidal epithelium lacking microvilli + goblet cells

27
Q

anal canal

A

last 1 inch of the rectal cavity

28
Q

upper 2/3 of the anal canal

A

simple columnar epithelium

29
Q

lower 1/3 of the anal canal

A

non keratinized stratified squamous then transitions to keratinized stratified squamous in the anus

30
Q

rectal smooth muscle

A

outer layer of longitudinal fiber + inner circular layer

31
Q

rectal cavity is has

A

a rich blood supply; venous return occurs through rectal hemorrhoidal veins

32
Q

drugs carried by the superior hemorrhoidal veins

A

undergo first pass

33
Q

drugs carried by the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins

A

bypass first pass

34
Q

5 barriers to rectal drug delivery

A

unfavorable to passive absorption ( small SA and lack microvilli )
lacks dissolution media (when empty only contains 2-3 mL of fluid)
minimal buffering capacity (easily altered in pH with presence of drugs)
location influences first pass avoidance
occupancy and bowel movements affect drug absorptions (evacuated absorbs drugs better since there is a better chance of it reaching the surface; diarrhea and tissue dehydration can reduce drug absorption)

35
Q

local conditions for rectal suppositories

A

inflamed hemorrhoids, constipation, UC

36
Q

system conditions for rectal suppositories

A

nausea, fever, pain, motion sickness, epilepsy

37
Q

general rectal dosage formulations

A

suppositories, ointments, creams, gels, solutions, suspensions

38
Q

correct administration of an enemas

A

shake well
remove cover
assume correct position
insert tip
tilt so that the nozzle is aimed towards the back
squeeze bottle firmly with steady pressure
withdraw and discard
remain in position for 30 minutes retain enema all night unless its a laxative

39
Q

advantages for rectal drug delivery

A

nausea and vomiting
no taste
bypass first pass
minimal enzyme activity

40
Q

disadvantages for rectal drug delivery

A

interruption in absorption due to defecation
SA is v small
erratic and unpredictable
leak or can be difficult to retain in the rectal cavity

41
Q

vaginal cavity

A

fibromuscular tube shaped organ of fixed length; 4-6 inches in size that connects to the uterus

42
Q

inner canal of the vagina is

A

lined with stratified squamous epithelium and mucus produced by underlying glands; surface features micro ridges in longitudinal or circular patterns that give the vagina absorptive capacity

43
Q

musculature of the vaginal cavity consists of three layers

A

outer fibrous
middle muscular
inner stratified squamous

muscles only used when a women is in labor therefore there is not a natural urge to contract and expel dosage forms as seen with rectal administration

44
Q

blood flow travels from the vagina through a venous network that empties into the

A

internal iliac veins; bypassing first pass

45
Q

vaginal cavity has a great amount of

A

buffering capacity; surface is covered with an aqueous film whose volume, pH, and composition vary with age, stage of mensural cycle and location; pH change high pH as you more in; large amounts of glycogen that forms organic acids upon degradation that serve to retard bacterial growth

46
Q

local conditions for vaginal dosing

A

contraceptives, antiseptics, antimicrobial agents

47
Q

systemic conditions for vaginal dosing

A

hormone replacement, prostaglandins, contraceptives

48
Q

general vaginal dosage formulations

A

suppositories or pessaries, ointments, creams, vaginal tablets, intrauterine devices, contraceptive vaginal rings

49
Q

vaginal suppositories

A

have an oviform; egg shape to encourage retention; heavier weight 3-5 g

50
Q

advantages in vaginal drug delivery

A

fairly consistent drug absorption
option for local and systemic delivery
potential for long term administration
bypass 1st pass

51
Q

disadvantages in vaginal drug delivery

A

dosage forms can be expelled

risk of toxic shock syndrome with long term retention

52
Q

urethral route of drug administration

A

urethral suppositories are typically used to deliver antibacterials and anesthetics; muse (alprostadil) is a urethral microsuppository for treatment of ED

53
Q

E value

A

equal to how much NaCl is represented by 1 g of the compound

54
Q

E value =

A

58.5 * i / MW * 1.8

55
Q

i

A

dissociation factor

P1 Spring - Pharmaceutics II (15 decks)

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