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BBS1002 > Case 3 > Flashcards

Case 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • veins
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2
Q

arterioles

A

branches of arteries –> feed capillary beds.

dont have all three layers. single layer of smooth muscle.

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3
Q

venules

A

smallest veins, blood drains from capillaries into venules

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4
Q

walls of blood vessels

A

three tunics that surround the vessel lumen

  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
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5
Q

tunica intima

A

closest to lumen. contains endothelium –> continuous. minimizes friction

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6
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer.

smooth muscle cells + sheets of elastin. vasoconstricion/vasodilation. maintain blood pressure + circulation

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7
Q

Tunica externa

A

outermost layer.
collagen fibers –> protect + strengthen + anchor surrounding structures.
contains nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, and in bigger vessels elastic fibers + tiny blood vessels (vasa vasorum).

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8
Q

elastic arteries

A

thick-walled. –> conducting arteries. large lumens make low resistance pathways.
inactive in vasoconstriction. espand and recoil.

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9
Q

muscular arteries

A

elastic arteries turn into muscular arteries. deliver blood to specific organs. thickest media of all vesels. more smooth muscle than elastic muscle. more active in vasoconstriction less in stretching

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10
Q

continuous capillaries

A

most common. endothelial cells joined togher by junctions. they are incomplete and leave gaps –> intercellular clefts

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11
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

endothelial riddled with oval pores. thin membrane covers fenestrations. more permeable to fluids + small solutes . found where active capillary absorption on filtration occurs

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12
Q

sinusoid capillaries

A

most leaky. in liver, bone marrow, spleen + adrenal medulla. irregularly shaped lumen + fenestrated. fewer tigh junction + lager clefts

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13
Q

microcirculation

A

fflow of blood from arteriole to venule

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14
Q

capillary beds

A

two types of vessels:
1. vascular shunt
2 true capillaries

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15
Q

vascular shunt

A

vessel that connects arteriole + venule at opposite ends of the beds.

a. metarteriole: from terminal arteriole to middle of capillary bed.
b. thoroughfare channel: from middle to postcapillary venule

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16
Q

True capillaries

A

actual exhange vessels.

precapillary spincter: cuff of smooth muscle fibers –> acts as a valve.

17
Q

Venules

A

post capillary: consist of endothelium –> pericytes gather. extremely porous. larger venules –> one/ two layers smooth muscle + thin tunixa externa

18
Q

Veins

A

venules from veins.
3 tunics, but walls are thinner + lumen larger
- media: little smooth/elastin.
- externa is the heaviest: collagen and elastin
smoothe muscle bands make it even thicker.
–> capacitance vessels + blood reservoirs.

19
Q

venous valves

A

folds of the tunica intima, preven backflow. resemble SL valves

20
Q

venous sinuses

A

–> coronary sinus of the heart, flattened veins with thin walls: only endothelium. supported by tissues surrounding them

21
Q

Vascular anastomoses

A

special interconnections.
arterial anastomoses –> arteries supplying the same territory often merge.
occur around joints + abdominal organs, heart + brain
collateral channels –> anastomoses provide alternate pathways
arteriovenous anastomoses: shunts of capillary beds that conenct arterioles + venules.
venous anastomoses –> veins intereconnect. more common

22
Q

blood distribution at rest

A

two thirds is routed to GI tract.

total blood flow though all arterioles equals the cardiac output.

23
Q

Ohm’s law

A

F= delta P/ R

24
Q

cariovascular control center

A

medulla oblongataensure sufficient blood flow to brain + heart by maintaining sufficient arterial pressure.

25
Q

cardiovascular function regulations

A
  • baroreceptors

- chemoreceptors

26
Q

Exercise

A

increase venous return –> small increase in EDV.

sympathetic activation–> decrease ESV.

27
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between diastolic and systolic

28
Q

mean arterial pressure

A

pressure that propels blood to tissues.

veins: low of peripheral resistance

29
Q

muscular pump

A

skeletal muscle, during movement, pushes blood

30
Q

respiratory pump

A

moves blood to heart as pressure changes during breathing.

31
Q

sympathetic venoconstriction

A

reduces volume of blood in veins. muscle constriction leads to reduction of volume and blood is pushed to heart

32
Q

short term

A

nervous system + bloodborne hormones via peripheral resistance + cardiac output

33
Q

long-term

A

alters blood volume via kidneys

BBS1002 (10 decks)

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