Case 2 Social Science

Question 1

What is the meaning of the iceberg of health?

Answer 1

It is the idea that doctors only see a very small proportion of ill health.

Question 2

What are Zola’s triggers to consult? (5)

Answer 2

1. Interpersonal crisis
2. Perceived interference with social or personal relations
3. Sanctioning
4. Perceived interference with vocational or physical activity
5. Temporalisation of symptomatology

Question 3

What are Zola’s concepts? (3)

Answer 3

1. Most people have symptoms of some kind, most of the time
2. The frequency and/or seriousness of symptoms are not good predictions of attendance at doctors
3. Most people make decisions to seek/deelay seeking help that are rational, if framed within a persons health belief and concepts

Question 4

What is the health belief model?

Answer 4

Assumes people are largely rational and will take the best health supporting action.

Question 5

When do people attend the doctors according to the health belief model? (3)

Answer 5

1. They feel it is possible to address negative health
2. They think the proposed action will be negative
3. They feel they can take the proposed action

Question 6

Which social context determiners affect whether some attends the doctors? (6)-

Answer 6

1. Perceived susceptibility
2. Perceived severity
3. Perceived barriers
4. Cues to Action
5. Self efficacy
6. Perceived benefits

Question 7

How does perceived susceptibility affect someone going to the doctors?

Answer 7

If they are young, and thinks the condition is more likely to affect old people, they are less likely to consult.

Question 8

How does perceived severity affect someone going to the doctors?

Answer 8

If someone perceives the illness to be non-severe or a short timescale, they may not consult as they feel they will be able to handle the symptoms.

Question 9

How does perceived barriers affect someone going to the doctors?

Answer 9

If someone cannot handle an illness financially (eg cannot take the time off work), they are less likely to consult.

Question 10

How does cues to action affect someone going to the doctors?

Answer 10

Someone is more likely to consult if given calendar reminders, email reminders and ‘how to’ charts.

Question 11

How does self efficacy affect someone going to the doctors?

Answer 11

If the patient is confidence in themselves, that they have the ability to take action, they are more likely to consult.

Question 12

How does perceived benefits affect someone going to the doctors

Answer 12

Someone is more likely to consult if they perceive the medications will be effective.

Question 13

Define disease

Answer 13

An organic pathology or abnormality

Question 14

Define illness

Answer 14

A subjective experience of, and meaning attributes to, ill health by the patient and those around them.

Question 15

Define sickness

Answer 15

The social experience of ill health.

Question 16

Define self care

Answer 16

The actions that individuals take for themselves on behalf of and with others in order to develop, protect, maintain and improve their own health, wellbeing or wellness

Question 17

What is the medical model of health?

Answer 17

Health is the absence of disease, illness and injury

Question 18

What is the functional model of health?

Answer 18

Health is the ability to function in normal social roles

Question 19

What is the idealist model of health?

Answer 19

Health is the state of complete, physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.