Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Group 40 Collab Flashcards > Case 1 Anatomy > Flashcards

Case 1 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the thorax?

A

Superior thoracic aperture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the inferior border of the thorax?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the anterior border of the thorax?

A

Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the posterior border of the thorax?

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Mass of tissue in thorax, between lungs and pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two main regions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior

Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 regions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the boundary of the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Thoracic plane
Level of sternal angle (rib 2)
4th + 5th thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 regions of the mediastinum are the major blood vessels found?

A

Superior
Middle
Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structures are found in the superior mediastinum?

A
  • Aortic arch + branches
  • SVC + tributaries
  • Oesophagus + trachea
  • Phrenic + Vagus nerves
  • Cardiac plexus + sympathetic chain
  • Thymus
  • Thoracic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What structures are found in middle mediastinum?

A
  • Aorta
  • SVC
  • Pulm Trunk
  • Heart + pericardium
  • Trachea + bronchi
  • Phrenic + Vagus nerves
  • Tracheobronchial lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?

A
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Oesophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Azygos + hemiazygos veins
  • Bronchial, oesophageal + superior phrenic arteries
  • Sympathetic trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which region of mediastinum is heart + pericardium found?

A

Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which 3 branches split off from aortic arch? (ABCs)

A
  • Bracheocephalic trunk
  • Left common carotid artery
  • Left subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which 4 branches split off from thoracic aorta?

A
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Oesophageal branches
  • Bronchial arteries
  • Mediastinal branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which 7 branches split off from abdominal aorta?

A
  • Coeliac trunk (T12)
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • L + R Renal arteries
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Lumbar arteries
  • Gonadal arteries
  • L + R Common iliac arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name of the point where aorta passes from thorax into abdominal cavity?

A

Aortic Hiatus (T12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What L + R branches join to form SVC?

A

L + R Bracheocephalic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which 2 branches join to form the left bracheocephalic vein?

A
  • Left internal jugular vein

- Left subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which 2 branches join to form the right bracheocephalic vein?

A
  • Right internal jugular vein

- Right subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which 4 branches join to form IVC?

A
  • Hepatic vein
  • L+R Renal veins
  • L+R common iliac veins
  • Lumbar veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At what level does the IVC pass through diaphragm?

A

T8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 classifications of connective tissue?

A
  • Loose
  • Dense
  • Specialised
24
Q

What are 4 basic functions of connective tissue?

A
  • Support + bind structure in body
  • Insulate
  • Store reserve fuel
  • Transport substances
25
Structure of a connective tissue?
- Cells positioned far apart | - They surround extracellular matrix (ECM)
26
Name 5 connective tissue cell types
- Fibroblast (structural) - Osteocyte (bone) - Chondrocyte (cartilage) - Adipocytes (fat) - Immune cells
27
Two types of dense connective tissue?
- Dense regular | - Dense irregular
28
3 Layers of a blood vessel?
- Tunica Adventitia - Tunica Media - Tunica Intima
29
What makes up the tunica adventitia layer?
- Collagenous fibres | - Some elastic
30
Which type of blood vessel is tunica adventitia usually the thickest layer?
Veins
31
What makes up the tunica media layer?
- Smooth muscle | - Connective tissue (elastic fibres)
32
Which type of blood vessel is tunica media usually the thickest layer?
Arteries
33
What makes up the tunica intima?
- Endothelial cells | - Connective tissue
34
What are the 3 main components of the lymphatic system?
- Lymph - Lymphatic vessels - Lymphoid organs (E.G. Thymus)
35
What is the basic structure of the lymphatic system?
- Circulatory system with valves | - Lymph nodes are located along the lymphatic vessels
36
Give 5 examples of lymphoid tissues in the body?
- Thymus - Spleen - Tonsils, adenoids + appendix - Bone Marrow - Lymph nodes
37
Role of Thymus
T-cell development + maturation
38
Role of spleen
- Filters + is site of immune response | - Destroys erythrocytes
39
Role of tonsils, adenoids + appendix?
Contain lymphoid follicles
40
Role of bone marrow?
Produce B-cells, T-cells + macrophages
41
Name 5 different lymph nodes and they're location
- Cevical node (neck) - Axillary node (armpit) - Aortic nodes (near abdominal aorta) - Iliac nodes (next to iliac artery) - Inguinal nodes (groin)
42
Where does lymph drain back into venules?
-Left venous angle
43
Name 4 lymphatic vessels in the thorax
- Thoracic duct - L+R bronchomediastinal trunk - L+R subclavian trunk - Right lymphatic duct
44
Name the 2 valves in lymphatic vessels
- Primary microvalves | - Secondary valves
45
What maintains lymphatic flow?
Hydrostatic pressure
46
What are the 2 phases that occur within lymphatic vessels that hydrostatic pressure regulates?
- Expansion phase | - Compression phase
47
Where are primary microvalves located?
Opening between cells on wall of lymphatic vessel
48
What occurs during expansion phase?
- Pressure: Interstitium > Lymphatic - Primary microvalves open - Interstitial fluid enters
49
What occurs during compression phase?
- Pressure: Lymphatics > Interstitium - Secondary valves open - So lymph flows along lymphatic vessel
50
Where are lacteals located?
Small intestine
51
What assists lymphatic flow in lacteals?
Peristalsis of gut
52
What vessel does lymph arrive at lymph node in?
Afferent lymphatic
53
What vessel takes lymph away from lymph node?
Efferent lymphatic
54
Where do lymphocytes come from within lymph node?
High endothelial venules (HEVs)
55
What is the function of cortex + paracortex?
- Cortex arranged into follicles - Lymphocyte enter paracortex via HEVs - Cortex consists of tightly-packed lymphocytes which come into contact with antigens - They then enter medullary sinus and leave lymph node via efferent lymphatic

Group 40 Collab Flashcards (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions