CASE 12: OBS & GYNAE Flashcards
What is FSH and its role
Follicular stimulating hormone
development of follicles
What is LH and its role
Luteinising hormone
Main role in causing ovulation
What is oestrogen
steroid sex hormone, produced on ovaries
what is progestrone
steroid sex hormone produces by corpus luteum after ovulation
In pregnancy its produced by the placenta.
Fucntion:
what is menopause?
cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity
how do you diagnose menopause
12 months of amenorrhea, and FSH blood test
what is the placenta
organ than connects maternal uterus to foetus and allows for gas exchange, elimation of waste, transfer nutrients and endocrine functions
what is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?
irregularities in the menstrual cycle affecting the frequency, duration and regularity of the cycle length and volume of the menses
name different types of DUB
- *Intermenstural bleeding (IMB) :** bleeding occurring between periods
- *Post-coital bleeding (PCB):** Bleeding after sexual intercourse unrelated to mensuration
- *Oligomenorrhoea**: infrequenct periods with cycle length >35 days
- *Post-menopausal bleeding**: vaginal bleeding occurring during menopause
what is endometritis
infection or inflammation of the endometirum which can be post-partum
abdo pain, fever, uterine tenderness on bimanual, offensive discharge
endometritis
what is endometriosis
ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus with no underlying cause
abdo/pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea, infertility, cyclical bleeding from other sites,
Chocolate cysts on ovaries
endometrosis
management for endometriosis
- Analgesia (NSAIDS + Paracetamol)
- Hormonal: COCP, POP, progesterone injection, Mirena
- Surgery: laparoscopic surgery to improve fertility
what is adenomyosis
occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrial tissue) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.
Leiomyoma
Fibroids; benign tumours of uterine smooth muscles
endometrial cancer
cancer of the endometrium where 80% are adenocarcinomas and is oestrogen dependent
what is PCOS
Polycystic ovarian syndrome:
multiple ovarian cysts causing metabolic and reproductive problems in women including infertility, oligomenorrhea, hyperandrogenism and insulin reistance
what is Rotterdam criteria
triad for PCOS diagnosis:
Anovulation, hyperandrgoensim, polycystic ovaries on USS
what is ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus most commonly in the fallopian tubes
what is pre-eclampsia
defined by a new onset on hypertension and proteinuria
when does pre-eclampsia occur
occurs after 20 weeks gestation or up to 6 weeks following delivery
what is eclampsia
is pre-clampsia and a seizure
what causes pre-eclampsia
abnormal placenta → vasoconstriction and kidney retain more salt → HYPERTENSION
