CASE 11: GU Flashcards
What is intrarenal acute kindey injury and what causes it?
AKI caused by kidney injuries
Glomerulopnephritis, intersistisial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, nephrotoxins (NSAIDS, ACEi, ARBs, antibiotics, chemo)
what is pre-renal cuases of AKI
result from inadequate blood supply to kidneys (dehydration, hypotension, heart failure)
what is post renal causes of AKI?
obstruction to post kidney urine outflow along Urinary tract, causing pressure in kidney, reducing kidney function,
Causes: kidney stones (urolithiasis), uretal, urethral stitures, prostate enlargement, cancer, abdo mass
classic triad of renal cell carcinoma
haematuria
loin pain
loin mass
what is Prehn’s sign
when elevation of patient testicle relieves pain
what is cremasteric reflex
when a brisk stroke of patient inner thigh leads to upwards movement of ipsilateral testis
what is Hypospadias
opening of the urethra is on the ventral surface of the penis
How will nephrotic syndrome present
proteinuria, foamy urine, peripheral and periorbital oedema, weight gain due to fluid retention, and hyperlipidemia.
What is pyelonephritis and what is the presentation
Pyelonephritis is infection and inflammation of the kidneys indicating an upper urinary tract infection.
flank, groin and/or back pain, fever, nausea and vomiting, etc.
what is periorbital cellulitis
Periorbital cellulitis is an infection of the eyelid or the skin surrounding the eyes which can also result in periorbital oedema.
Nephrotic syndrome is a triad of the following
heavy proteinuria (>3.5g/24 hours)
hypoalbuminaemia (<30g/L)
oedema.
ttx for gonorrhea
IM ceftraxione
