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HISTOLOGY (COLLECTIVE) > Cartilage Block 1 > Flashcards

Cartilage Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what supports soft tissues and body weight?

A

cartilage and bone

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2
Q

what are the supportive connective tissue

A

cartilage and bone

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3
Q

what is the cartilage matrix made up of

A

proteoglycans
ground substance
chondrocytes

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4
Q

chondrocytes are surrounded by?

A

lacunae

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5
Q

what is a gel-type ground substance and is good for shock absorption and protection

A

cartilage

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6
Q

chondrocytes produce what

A

antiangiogensis factor

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7
Q

that is the outer fibrous layer of cartilage and is good for strength

A

perichondrium

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8
Q

the inner cellular layer that is good for growth and maintenance in cartilage is the

A

perichondrium

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9
Q

what is the skeletal connective tissue that is characterized by firmness and reiliency

A

cartilage

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10
Q

most cartilage is enveloped by dense connective tissue layer called the perichondrim is good for?

A

blood supply

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11
Q

chondrocytes are what shape

A

round, on lightmicroscope

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12
Q

on an EM chondrocytes surface show what

A

projections and infoldings

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13
Q

chondrocyte synthesize and secret what

A

type 2 collagen fibers

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14
Q

where are condrocytes synthesized

A

RER

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15
Q

chondrocyte produce most of their energy by what

A

anaerobic glycolosis ( NEEDS NO O2 TO MAKE ENERGY)

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16
Q

the ground substance of cartilage have what

A 
GAG
proteoglycans
proteoglycan aggregates
glycoproteins
tissue fluid
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17
Q

what doe stye firmness of the hyaline cartilage result from

A

the extensive cross linking among its components

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18
Q

what is the potential space occupied by each chondrocyte

A

the lacuna

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19
Q

when is the lacuna visible

A

only after cell death or after shrinkage during tissue processing

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20
Q

what is the matrix that immediately surrounds the chondrocyte

A

territorial matrix (capsular)

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21
Q

all cartilage derives from where

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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22
Q

what happens to mesenchyme cells in development

A

they retract their cytoplasmic extensions and assume a ROUND shape and they become more tightly packed forming MENECHYMAL CONDENSATION

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23
Q

what forms first chondrocyte or chondroblast?

A

chondroblast

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24
Q

what are the two process that cartilage grows by?

A

mitosis and deposition of additional matrix

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25
Q

what is matrix synthesis enhanced by

A

the growth hormone THYROXINE and testosterone

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26
Q

what is thyroxine and testosterone inhibited by

A

estradiol and cortisol

27
Q

after the age 30 males loose how much testosterone

A

loose 3% testosterone

28
Q

what is known as the growth hormone

A

thyroxine

29
Q

what does interstitial growth involve?

A

the division of existing chondrocytes and it gives rise to ingenious groups

30
Q

what is a side affect of using cortisone

A

cartilage and tendons

31
Q

what does appositional growth involve

A

the differentiation into chondrocytes by chondroblasts and stem cells on the perichondrum’s inner surface

32
Q

why do we do cartilage transplants from cadavers?

A

because cartilage is extremely hard to repair

33
Q

what does repair of the cartilage involve?

A

invasion of the breach of by mesnechymal stem cells from the perichondrium

34
Q

if the gap is really large in cartilage then what

A

a dense connective tissue scar may form

35
Q

what makes hyaline cartilage an ideal fetal skeletal tissue

A

because of its ability to grow rapidly while maintaing its ridgitiy

36
Q

what are some examples go hyaline cartilage

A

costal cartilages, laryngeal cartilages, cartilaginous rings that support the trachea and irregular cartilage plates in the walls of the bronchi

37
Q

which cartilage is yellowish and when fresh is more flexible then hyaline cartilage

A

elastic cartilage

38
Q

what is the composition of elastic cartilage

A

it resembles hyaline but contains a dense network of branching elastic fibers

39
Q

where does elastic cartilage develop from

A

a primitive connective tissue that contain wavy fibril in bundles

40
Q

what secrets elastin

A

fibroblast

41
Q

what is transformed into elastic fibers

A

elastin and fibrilin bundles

42
Q

which cartilage provides flexible support

A

elastic cartilage

43
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

external ear
epiglottis
larynx

44
Q

what cartilage is intermediate in character between hyaline cartilage and dense CT

A

fibrocartilage

45
Q

which cartilage is characterized by abundant type 1 collage fibers

A

fibrocartilage

46
Q

what do we not understand about fibrocartilage

A

its growth

47
Q

where does fibrocartialge develop

A

where there is strong mechanical stress

48
Q

fibro cartilage is always associate with what

A

dense connective tissue

49
Q

the border between fibrocartilage and dense CT

A

is indistinguishable

50
Q

what allows fibrocartilage to resist deformation under a lot of stress

A

its combination of cartilaginous ground substance and dense collagen fiber

51
Q

where do you find fibroblast

A

in the perichondrium

52
Q

where can fibrous cartilage be found in humans

A

annulus fibrosus
intervertible disk
symphysis pubis
some bone ligaments

53
Q

where do chondrocytes undergo division

A

in the lacuna

54
Q

in appositional growth what happens to the matrix

A

it triples in size

55
Q

what produces matrix in appositional growth

A

the chondrocytes

56
Q

three types of cartilage

A

hyaline
elastic
fibrous

57
Q

what cartilage has translucent matrix and no prominent fibers

A

hyaline cartilage

58
Q

what cartilage reduces friction on joints

A

hyaline cartilage

59
Q

you can see lacuna in what process

A

the goring process

60
Q

Herniated disks happens due to

A

fibrocartilage breaking under pressure

61
Q

what limits movement

A

fibrocartilage

62
Q

what pads knee joints

A

fibrocartilage

63
Q

what is found between pubic bones and intervertebral disc

A

fibrocartilage

64
Q

what prevents bone to bone contact

A

fibrocartilage

HISTOLOGY (COLLECTIVE) (11 decks)

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