Cartilage Block 1 Flashcards
what supports soft tissues and body weight?
cartilage and bone
what are the supportive connective tissue
cartilage and bone
what is the cartilage matrix made up of
proteoglycans
ground substance
chondrocytes
chondrocytes are surrounded by?
lacunae
what is a gel-type ground substance and is good for shock absorption and protection
cartilage
chondrocytes produce what
antiangiogensis factor
that is the outer fibrous layer of cartilage and is good for strength
perichondrium
the inner cellular layer that is good for growth and maintenance in cartilage is the
perichondrium
what is the skeletal connective tissue that is characterized by firmness and reiliency
cartilage
most cartilage is enveloped by dense connective tissue layer called the perichondrim is good for?
blood supply
chondrocytes are what shape
round, on lightmicroscope
on an EM chondrocytes surface show what
projections and infoldings
chondrocyte synthesize and secret what
type 2 collagen fibers
where are condrocytes synthesized
RER
chondrocyte produce most of their energy by what
anaerobic glycolosis ( NEEDS NO O2 TO MAKE ENERGY)
the ground substance of cartilage have what
GAG proteoglycans proteoglycan aggregates glycoproteins tissue fluid
what doe stye firmness of the hyaline cartilage result from
the extensive cross linking among its components
what is the potential space occupied by each chondrocyte
the lacuna
when is the lacuna visible
only after cell death or after shrinkage during tissue processing
what is the matrix that immediately surrounds the chondrocyte
territorial matrix (capsular)
all cartilage derives from where
embryonic mesenchyme
what happens to mesenchyme cells in development
they retract their cytoplasmic extensions and assume a ROUND shape and they become more tightly packed forming MENECHYMAL CONDENSATION
what forms first chondrocyte or chondroblast?
chondroblast
what are the two process that cartilage grows by?
mitosis and deposition of additional matrix
what is matrix synthesis enhanced by
the growth hormone THYROXINE and testosterone
what is thyroxine and testosterone inhibited by
estradiol and cortisol
after the age 30 males loose how much testosterone
loose 3% testosterone
what is known as the growth hormone
thyroxine
what does interstitial growth involve?
the division of existing chondrocytes and it gives rise to ingenious groups
what is a side affect of using cortisone
cartilage and tendons
what does appositional growth involve
the differentiation into chondrocytes by chondroblasts and stem cells on the perichondrum’s inner surface
why do we do cartilage transplants from cadavers?
because cartilage is extremely hard to repair
what does repair of the cartilage involve?
invasion of the breach of by mesnechymal stem cells from the perichondrium
if the gap is really large in cartilage then what
a dense connective tissue scar may form
what makes hyaline cartilage an ideal fetal skeletal tissue
because of its ability to grow rapidly while maintaing its ridgitiy
what are some examples go hyaline cartilage
costal cartilages, laryngeal cartilages, cartilaginous rings that support the trachea and irregular cartilage plates in the walls of the bronchi
which cartilage is yellowish and when fresh is more flexible then hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage
what is the composition of elastic cartilage
it resembles hyaline but contains a dense network of branching elastic fibers
where does elastic cartilage develop from
a primitive connective tissue that contain wavy fibril in bundles
what secrets elastin
fibroblast
what is transformed into elastic fibers
elastin and fibrilin bundles
which cartilage provides flexible support
elastic cartilage
where is elastic cartilage found
external ear
epiglottis
larynx
what cartilage is intermediate in character between hyaline cartilage and dense CT
fibrocartilage
which cartilage is characterized by abundant type 1 collage fibers
fibrocartilage
what do we not understand about fibrocartilage
its growth
where does fibrocartialge develop
where there is strong mechanical stress
fibro cartilage is always associate with what
dense connective tissue
the border between fibrocartilage and dense CT
is indistinguishable
what allows fibrocartilage to resist deformation under a lot of stress
its combination of cartilaginous ground substance and dense collagen fiber
where do you find fibroblast
in the perichondrium
where can fibrous cartilage be found in humans
annulus fibrosus
intervertible disk
symphysis pubis
some bone ligaments
where do chondrocytes undergo division
in the lacuna
in appositional growth what happens to the matrix
it triples in size
what produces matrix in appositional growth
the chondrocytes
three types of cartilage
hyaline
elastic
fibrous
what cartilage has translucent matrix and no prominent fibers
hyaline cartilage
what cartilage reduces friction on joints
hyaline cartilage
you can see lacuna in what process
the goring process
Herniated disks happens due to
fibrocartilage breaking under pressure
what limits movement
fibrocartilage
what pads knee joints
fibrocartilage
what is found between pubic bones and intervertebral disc
fibrocartilage
what prevents bone to bone contact
fibrocartilage