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HISTOLOGY (COLLECTIVE) > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

what is known as a mineralized dense connective tissue

A

bone

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2
Q

how much of your body consists of bone?

A

30-40%

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3
Q

what is also known as the framework of the body?

A

bone

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4
Q

what are the 6 different functions of Bones?

A
  1. framework for body 2. attachment for muscles and tendons 3. allows movement in body parts 4. protects organs 5. hematopoiesis (production of blood) 5. reservoir of minerals and fat
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5
Q

bone forms from what two embryological sources?

A
  1. embryonic mesodermal cells 2. neural crest cells
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6
Q

what is known as the primordial for all the different types of cells?

A

mesenchyme

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7
Q

what are the four outer parts of the bone

A

-epiphysis -diaphysis -metaphysis -epiphyseal plate

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8
Q

what is known as the secondary center of bone?

A

epiphysis

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9
Q

what is the strongest part of the bone? also known as the primary center.

On the picture below indicate which arrow is pointing to the diaphysis!

A

diaphysis

The two arrows in the middle are pointing to the diaphysis!

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10
Q

What are the epiphysial ends of the diaphysis?

A

Metaphysis

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11
Q

what does the epiphyseal plate seperate?

A

the epiphysis and the metaphysis

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12
Q

The arrow in this picture is pointing to what?

A

the medullary cavity of the bone

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13
Q

what is the medullary cavity filled with in adults?

A

yellow marrow

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14
Q

the medulalry cavity is lined with what?

A

endosteum

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15
Q

primary ossification happens when

A

before birth

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16
Q

secondary ossificaiton happens when

A

after birth

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17
Q

where in the body is the last ossification center last to fuse?

A

the Fibula

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18
Q

when there is a lng bone with a single epiphysis that specific epiphysis is usually what?

A

the moveable part

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19
Q

the larger the epiphysis the earlier ….. what appears earleir?

A

the ossification center appears earleir in long bone

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20
Q

when does growth of a bone cease?

A

when the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis

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21
Q

how much earleir does fusion of bones ( epiphysis and diaphyisis coming together) happen in women ?

A

happens 1 year earlier in women then in men

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22
Q

what are the 2 arteries that supply blood to the bones?

A
  1. nutrient artery
  2. periosteal artery
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23
Q

what supplies the medullary cavity and the inner 2/3rd of the cortec and metaphysis

A

nutrient artery

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24
Q

which artery enters the Volkmann’s Canal and also supplies 1/3rd of the cortex?

A

periosteal arteries

25
Q

In regards to the picture below, the periosteal arteries are embedded in what? The nutrient arteries travel through what?

A

periosteal arteries are embedded in the periosteum

the nutient arteres travel through the nutrient foramen and pass through the compact bone

26
Q

the axial skeleton is comprised of how many bones?

A

80

27
Q

the appendicular skeleton is comprised of how many bones?

A

126 bones

28
Q

what are the two types of bone components?

A
  • compact bone
  • spongy(cancellous or trabecular) bone
29
Q

Bone development abnormalities can lead to problems witht the formation of bones, what is one common bone developmnent abnormality mentioned in class

A

achondroplasia

30
Q

What is known as a condition that primarily affects the development of the bones and teeth. Peopel with this condition usually have undeveloped or absent clavicles.

A

Cleidocranial Syndrome (a form of bone development abnormality)

31
Q

What are the seven different shapes of bone?

A
  1. long bone
  2. short bone
  3. flat bone
  4. irregular bone
  5. seasmoid bone
  6. pneumatic bone
  7. accessory bone
32
Q

osteogenic cells develop into what?

osteoblasts form what?

osteocyte maintains what?

osteoclast functions in what?

A
  • develops into an osteoblast
  • forms bone tissue
  • maintains bone tissue
  • destroys bone matrix
33
Q

wha are mature bone cells that are found in lacunae and are connected by canaliculi?

A

osteocytes

34
Q

what is responsibe for osteogenesis(formation of bone)?

A

osteoblasts

35
Q

what is responsible for osteolysis(destruction of bone)?

A

osteoclasts

36
Q

what cells differentiate into osteoblasts?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

37
Q

This is just for your information:)

A
38
Q

What are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2mm in diameter and are important to compact bone?

A

osteon

39
Q

the portion that the line is pointing too represents the spave for what that is inbetween trabeculae.

A

the space for the bone marrow

40
Q

which kind of bone is located where stress are limities in ONE direction

A

compact bone

41
Q

which kind of bone is located where stresses are weaker or multi-directional?

A

spongy bone

42
Q

what is known as the supericfical bone except for in the joint cavities?

A

periosteum

43
Q

the periosteum has perforating fibers called?

A

Sharpey’s fibers

44
Q

what is known as a particiapnt in bone growth and repair

A

periostem

45
Q

what is known to line the marroe cavity?

A

endosteum

46
Q

what is the shallw groove fromed by the osteoclasts?

A

howship’s lacunae

47
Q

the ground substance in bone is made up of what 4 thing?

A
  • innorganic minerls and organic matrix (35% is organic matrix)
  • collegen type 1
  • GAG’s
  • proteoglycans
  • osteonectin
  • osteocalcin
48
Q

what has a larger border made out of CA++, PO4– and OH-

A

inorganic compound (which makes up 65%)

49
Q

how much water does the living bone contain?

A

20%

50
Q

what does inorganic content give to the bone

A

ridgidity

51
Q

what does organic content give the bone

A

elasticity

52
Q

lack of inorganic content causes?

lack of organic content causes?

A
  • soft bone
  • brittle bone
53
Q

What is known as brittle bone disease and osteogenesis imperfecta, is a condition in which an individual’s bones become very fragile.

A

Lobstein Syndrome

54
Q

bones form directly from what

A

mesenchymal sheath

55
Q

Intramembranous ossification is the direct laying down of bone into the ?

A

the primitive connective tissue (mesenchyme)

56
Q

What are the steps of ossification

A
  1. center of ossification develops
  2. osteocytes deposit mineral salts (CALCIFICATION)
  3. the trabeculae form
  4. the periosteum, spongy and compact bone tissue develops
57
Q

what kind of ossicification do most bones form by?

A

endochondral ossification

58
Q

what are the steps of endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocytes enlarge within calcifying matirx

bone formation occurs

blood vessel gets trapped in trabeculae

a marrow cavity is created

capilliaries and osteblasts migrate into the epiphysis(making secondary ossiciation centers

then the epiphysis fills with spongy bone

59
Q
A

HISTOLOGY (COLLECTIVE) (11 decks)

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