Bones

Question 1

what is known as a mineralized dense connective tissue

Answer 1

bone

Question 2

how much of your body consists of bone?

Answer 2

30-40%

Question 3

what is also known as the framework of the body?

Answer 3

bone

Question 4

what are the 6 different functions of Bones?

Answer 4

1. framework for body 2. attachment for muscles and tendons 3. allows movement in body parts 4. protects organs 5. hematopoiesis (production of blood) 5. reservoir of minerals and fat

Question 5

bone forms from what two embryological sources?

Answer 5

1. embryonic mesodermal cells 2. neural crest cells

Question 6

what is known as the primordial for all the different types of cells?

Answer 6

mesenchyme

Question 7

what are the four outer parts of the bone

Answer 7

-epiphysis -diaphysis -metaphysis -epiphyseal plate

Question 8

what is known as the secondary center of bone?

Answer 8

epiphysis

Question 9

what is the strongest part of the bone? also known as the primary center.

On the picture below indicate which arrow is pointing to the diaphysis!

Answer 9

diaphysis

The two arrows in the middle are pointing to the diaphysis!

Question 10

What are the epiphysial ends of the diaphysis?

Answer 10

Metaphysis

Question 11

what does the epiphyseal plate seperate?

Answer 11

the epiphysis and the metaphysis

Question 12

The arrow in this picture is pointing to what?

Answer 12

the medullary cavity of the bone

Question 13

what is the medullary cavity filled with in adults?

Answer 13

yellow marrow

Question 14

the medulalry cavity is lined with what?

Answer 14

endosteum

Question 15

primary ossification happens when

Answer 15

before birth

Question 16

secondary ossificaiton happens when

Answer 16

after birth

Question 17

where in the body is the last ossification center last to fuse?

Answer 17

the Fibula

Question 18

when there is a lng bone with a single epiphysis that specific epiphysis is usually what?

Answer 18

the moveable part

Question 19

the larger the epiphysis the earlier ….. what appears earleir?

Answer 19

the ossification center appears earleir in long bone

Question 20

when does growth of a bone cease?

Answer 20

when the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis

Question 21

how much earleir does fusion of bones ( epiphysis and diaphyisis coming together) happen in women ?

Answer 21

happens 1 year earlier in women then in men

Question 22

what are the 2 arteries that supply blood to the bones?

Answer 22

1. nutrient artery
2. periosteal artery

Question 23

what supplies the medullary cavity and the inner 2/3rd of the cortec and metaphysis

Answer 23

nutrient artery

Question 24

which artery enters the Volkmann’s Canal and also supplies 1/3rd of the cortex?

Answer 24

periosteal arteries

Question 25

In regards to the picture below, the periosteal arteries are embedded in what? The nutrient arteries travel through what?

Answer 25

periosteal arteries are embedded in the periosteum the nutient arteres travel through the **nutrient foramen** and pass through the compact bone

Question 26

the axial skeleton is comprised of how many bones?

Answer 26

80

Question 27

the appendicular skeleton is comprised of how many bones?

Answer 27

126 bones

Question 28

what are the two types of bone components?

Answer 28

- compact bone - spongy(cancellous or trabecular) bone

Question 29

Bone development abnormalities can lead to problems witht the formation of bones, what is one common bone developmnent abnormality mentioned in class

Answer 29

achondroplasia

Question 30

What is known as a condition that primarily affects the development of the bones and teeth. Peopel with this condition usually have undeveloped or absent clavicles.

Answer 30

Cleidocranial Syndrome (a form of bone development abnormality)

Question 31

What are the seven different shapes of bone?

Answer 31

1. long bone 2. short bone 3. flat bone 4. irregular bone 5. seasmoid bone 6. pneumatic bone 7. accessory bone

Question 32

osteogenic cells develop into what? osteoblasts form what? osteocyte maintains what? osteoclast functions in what?

Answer 32

- develops into an osteoblast - forms bone tissue - maintains bone tissue - destroys bone matrix

Question 33

wha are mature bone cells that are found in lacunae and are connected by canaliculi?

Answer 33

osteocytes

Question 34

what is responsibe for osteogenesis(formation of bone)?

Answer 34

osteoblasts

Question 35

what is responsible for osteolysis(destruction of bone)?

Answer 35

osteoclasts

Question 36

what cells differentiate into osteoblasts?

Answer 36

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 37

This is just for your information:)

Question 38

What are roughly cylindrical structures that are typically several millimeters long and around 0.2mm in diameter and are important to compact bone?

Answer 38

osteon

Question 39

the portion that the line is pointing too represents the spave for what that is inbetween trabeculae.

Answer 39

the space for the bone marrow

Question 40

which kind of bone is located where stress are limities in ONE direction

Answer 40

compact bone

Question 41

which kind of bone is located where stresses are weaker or multi-directional?

Answer 41

spongy bone

Question 42

what is known as the supericfical bone except for in the joint cavities?

Answer 42

periosteum

Question 43

the periosteum has perforating fibers called?

Answer 43

Sharpey's fibers

Question 44

what is known as a particiapnt in bone growth and repair

Answer 44

periostem

Question 45

what is known to line the marroe cavity?

Answer 45

endosteum

Question 46

what is the shallw groove fromed by the osteoclasts?

Answer 46

howship's lacunae

Question 47

the ground substance in bone is made up of what 4 thing?

Answer 47

- innorganic minerls and organic matrix (35% is organic matrix) - collegen type 1 - GAG's - proteoglycans - osteonectin - osteocalcin

Question 48

what has a larger border made out of CA++, PO4-- and OH-

Answer 48

inorganic compound (which makes up 65%)

Question 49

how much water does the living bone contain?

Answer 49

20%

Question 50

what does inorganic content give to the bone

Answer 50

ridgidity

Question 51

what does organic content give the bone

Answer 51

elasticity

Question 52

lack of inorganic content causes? lack of organic content causes?

Answer 52

- soft bone - brittle bone

Question 53

What is known as brittle bone disease and osteogenesis imperfecta, is a condition in which an individual's bones become very fragile.

Answer 53

Lobstein Syndrome

Question 54

bones form directly from what

Answer 54

mesenchymal sheath

Question 55

Intramembranous ossification is the direct laying down of bone into the ?

Answer 55

the primitive connective tissue (mesenchyme)

Question 56

What are the steps of ossification

Answer 56

1. center of ossification develops 2. osteocytes deposit mineral salts (CALCIFICATION) 3. the trabeculae form 4. the periosteum, spongy and compact bone tissue develops

Question 57

what kind of ossicification do most bones form by?

Answer 57

endochondral ossification

Question 58

what are the steps of endochondral ossification?

Answer 58

chondrocytes enlarge within calcifying matirx bone formation occurs blood vessel gets trapped in trabeculae a marrow cavity is created capilliaries and osteblasts migrate into the epiphysis(making secondary ossiciation centers then the epiphysis fills with spongy bone