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ESA 1 Body Logistics (BG) > Cartilage and Endochondrial Ossification > Flashcards

Cartilage and Endochondrial Ossification Flashcards

1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

An avascular tissue that consists of an extensive extracellular matrix in which chondrocytes lie

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2
Q

What do chondrocytes do?

A

Produce and maintain the extracellular matrix

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3
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

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4
Q

What makes up hyaline cartilage?

A

Proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid and type II collagen.

Hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates are bound to the fine collagen matrix fibres.

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5
Q

What makes up elastic cartilage?

A

Hyaluronic acid, type II collagen, elastic fibres and elastic lamellae

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6
Q

What makes up fibrocartilage?

A

Abundant type I collagen fibres in addition to proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and type II collagen.

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7
Q

What cell types are present in hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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8
Q

How are chondrocytes found?

A

Singly, or if recently divided, in small clusters called isogenous groups.

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9
Q

How do fetal bones develop?

A

Hyaline cartilage is the precursor of bones which develop by endochondrial ossification.

Some remains at the articulating surface and epiphyseal plate

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10
Q

What covers the margin of hyaline cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

Contains many fibroblast like cells that develop into chondroblasts and later chondrocytes

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11
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

A dense connective tissue

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12
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Fibroblast like cells of the perichondrium develop into chondroblasts. These secrete matrix components and develop into chondrocytes.

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13
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Chondrocytes deeper in the cartilage in isogenous groups deposit further matrix and the cells separate.

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14
Q

What do you see histologically looking at chondrocytes?

A

They lie in lacunae

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15
Q

Does elastic cartilage calcify?

A

No

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16
Q

Where would elastic cartilage be found?

A

External ear (pinna), external acoustic meatus, epiglottis, Eustachian tube

17
Q

What cells are present in fibrocartilage?

A

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts

18
Q

How does fibrocartilage appear histologically?

A

Cells often seen in rows. No surrounding perichondrium.

19
Q

Where is fibrocartilage often found?

A

Intervertebral discs

Articular discs of the sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints

Menisci of the knee

Pubic symphysis

20
Q

What is the synovial joint?

A

A movable joint in which the juxtaposed bone ends:

Are covered by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Lie within lubricating synovial fluid, bound by joint cavity lined by synovial membrane and reinforced

(Fibrous tissue and ligaments)

21
Q

What secretes the synovial fluid?

A

Fibroblast-like cells

22
Q

What removes debris from the joint space of the synovial joint?

A

Macrophages

ESA 1 Body Logistics (BG) (11 decks)

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