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HFF > Cartilage and bone > Flashcards

Cartilage and bone Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main cells of cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

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2
Q

What are chondrocytes structured to do?

A

1) withstand tension and compression
2) provides low friction surface at joints
3) to provide support to soft tissue.
4) provide a framework for long bone osteogenesis.

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3
Q

What is the skeleton initially made up of?

A

hyaline cartilage

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4
Q

How does cartilage differ from bone?

A

1) more flexible
2) avascular
3) less organized structure
4) no nerve fibers
5) composed of up to 80% water

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5
Q

How does cartilage acquire nutrients?f

A

Diffusion through the Perichondrium

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6
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

Fibrous connective tissue sheath, acts like a girdle for the cartilage.

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7
Q

What does the perichondrium contain?

A

type 1 collagen fibers, vascular supply for collagen, chondrogenic cells

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and Elastic

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9
Q

What are the immature cells of cartilage?

A

chondroblasts

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10
Q

what are the mature cells of cartilage?

A

chondrocytes

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11
Q

What type of collagen does all cartilage have?

A

Type 2 collagen

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12
Q

What are proteoglycans in the ground substance made up of?

A

chondoitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid

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13
Q

What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

A

loss of chondroitin sulfate

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14
Q

What is the most wide spread type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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15
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 cartilages?

A

Hyaline

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16
Q

What are some location of hyaline cartilage?

A

Articular, Costal, respiratory, and nasal

17
Q

What is the strongest cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

18
Q

What cartilage type lacks a perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage

19
Q

What are some locations of fibrocartilage?

A

Menisci of the knee, intervertebral discs, and pubic symphysis

20
Q

Where are the only places elastic cartilage is found?

A

External ear and epiglottis

21
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

Support, protection, assisting movement, mineral homeostasis, and hematopoiesis

22
Q

What are the two forms of lamellae that can be formed in bone?

A

Compact (80%) and Trabecular (20%)

23
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Erode and absorb bone

24
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

modified fibroblasts, able to lay down type 1 collagen and form new bone matrix.

25
Q

What hormones regulate homeostasis?

A

Parathyroid hormone, 1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol, and calcitonin

26
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone secreted and what does it do?

A

by chief cells in the parathyroid glands and increases blood calcium levels.

27
Q

What does active vitamin D do to calcium levels?

A

Increases calcium absorption from the intestine.

28
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

it inhibits bone resorption by the osteoclasts, it is secreted in the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland.

HFF (15 decks)

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