Cartilage

Question 1

cartilage definition

Answer 1

a resilient and smooth elastic tissue that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints and nerves

Question 2

cartilage brief structure

Answer 2

ECM- high concentration of GAGs and proteoglycans interacting with collagen and elastic fibres

chondrocytes embedded in ECM

Question 3

what surrounds the cartilage?

Answer 3

perichondrium

Question 4

perichondrium definition

Answer 4

sheath of dense connective tissue that harbours the blood supply, therefore nutrients must diffuse from the perichondrium to the cartilage

Question 5

how many cell types are there in cartilage?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

what is the cell type?

Answer 6

chondrocytes

Question 7

what is the stem cell?

Answer 7

chondroblasts

Question 8

chondrocyte function

Answer 8

produce and maintain cartilagnious matrix which consists of collagen and proteoglycans

Question 9

cartilage function

Answer 9

firm consistency that allows tissue to bear mechanical stress and prevent permanent distortion

act as shock absorbers

Question 10

physical properties explained

Answer 10

semi rigid- water molecules bound to GAGs

Question 11

three different types of cartilage

Answer 11

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 12

structure of hyaline cartilage

Answer 12

type ii collagen embedded in hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

aggrecan- 150 side chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate

aggrecan molecules bound to hyaluronic acid and can then bind collagen

chondronectin- multiadhesive glycoprotein that binds to GAGs and integrins- adhering chondrocytes to ECM

Question 13

territorial matrix definition

Answer 13

ECM richer in GAGs than collagen, located around each chondrocyte

Question 14

hyaline cartilage function

Answer 14

provides smooth, low friction surfaces in joints

structural support in respiratory tract

forms temporary skeleton of the embryo

Question 15

does hyaline cartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 15

yes, but only at the epiphysis and articulating surfaces of long bones

Question 16

where are the chondrocytes located in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 16

lacunae

Question 17

elastic cartilage structure

Answer 17

similar to hyaline, but have an abundant meshwork of elastic fibres and type II collagen

Question 18

elastic cartilage location

Answer 18

auricle of ear, walls of external auditory canal, eustachian tubes, epiglottis and upper respiratory tract

Question 19

does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 19

yes, similar in structure to hyaline cartilage perichondrium

Question 20

elastic cartilage function

Answer 20

provides flexible shape and support of soft tissues

Question 21

fibrocartilage structure

Answer 21

mingling of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue

chondrocytes occur singly and often aligned in isogenous aggregates

matrix around chondrocytes is sparse

dense bundles of type I collagen and fibroblasts adjacent to regions of hyaline cartilage

less proteoglycans

Question 22

location of fibrocartilage

Answer 22

interveretbral discs

pubic symphysis

Question 23

does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

function of fibrocartilage

Answer 24

provides cushioning, tensile strength and resistance to tearing and compression