Cartilage

Question 1

chondroblasts

Answer 1

cells that secrete cartilage matrix

Question 2

chondrocytes

Answer 2

mature cartilage cells in lacunae; surrounded by and help maintain the ECM

Question 3

cartilage matrix made up of:

Answer 3

fibers (mainly type II collagen) and ground substance (proteoglycans); can be territorial or interterritorial

Question 4

3 Types of Cartilage

Answer 4

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 5

surrounded by perichondrium, type II collagen, located in articular cleavage, larynx, trachea, ribs

Answer 5

Hyaline

Question 6

surrounded by perichondrium, type II collagen, founding external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube

Answer 6

Elastic

Question 7

Lacks a perichondrium, type I collagen, in vertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and TMJ

Answer 7

Fibrocartilage

Question 8

Territorial Matrix

Answer 8

darker stains, surrounds the isogenous groups of 2-3 cells; high GAGs and decreased collagen

Question 9

Interterritorial matrix

Answer 9

lighter staining, more collagen II and less proteoglycans; outside of the territorial matrix

Question 10

dense, irregular CT with vascular supply in hyaline and elastic cartilage only; is the source of new cartilage cells during growth

Answer 10

perichondrium

Question 11

fibrous layer of perichondrium

Answer 11

outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin; transition from cartilage and surrounding CT

Question 12

Chondrogenic layer of perichondrium

Answer 12

inner layer which differentiates into chondroblasts; secretes type II collagen

Question 13

components of hyaline cartilage and elastic fibers within the matrix; allows for rebound; surrounded by perichondrium; stains dark black

Answer 13

Elastic cartilage

Question 14

hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT; type I and II collagen, less matrix, and NO PERICHONDRIUM; aligned in rows and isogenous group; withstand compression and shearing forces

Answer 14

fibrocartilage

Question 15

Appositional growth

Answer 15

forms new cartilage on top of existing cartilage; chondrogenic cells located within inner layer of perichondrium; make type I collagen; after growth is initiated chondroblasts secrete type II collagen and ground substance

Question 16

Interstitial growth

Answer 16

occurs within the cartilage mass; chondrocytes divide within lacunae creating new isogenous groups; secrete more matrix; AVASCULAR

Question 17

When does repair cartilage form?

Answer 17

perichondrium involvement; matrix is part hyaline and part fibrous, both I and II collagen; can stimulate bone growth

Question 18

Cells that make up a synovial membrane

Answer 18

synoviocytes

Question 19

Types A synoviocytes

Answer 19

macrophage-like synovial cells; phagocytic and contains lysosomes to eliminate debris caused by friction; regulates inflammatory events

Question 20

Type B synoviocytes

Answer 20

Fibroblast-like synovial cells; produce synovial fluid and hyaluronate which combine; lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage

Question 21

collagen fibers run perpendicular to tissue surface and bend to gradually form an arc; layering

Answer 21

Articular cartilage

Question 22

chondrocytes are small, flat, and parallel; collagen fibers run parallel to surface

Answer 22

Superficial zone

Question 23

chondrocytes slightly larger and round; alone and in isogenous groups; take oblique course through the matrix

Answer 23

Intermediate zone

Question 24

large chondrocytes form columns PERPENDICULAR to articulating surface; collagen fibers follow orientation of chondrocyte columns

Answer 24

Deep zone

Question 25

Rests on underlying cortex of bone; matrix of calcified cartilage layer stains darker than other matrix layers

Answer 25

Calcified zone