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Body Logistics > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perichondrium? Is this loose or dense connective tissue?

A

The perichondrium is the thin layer that covers the main body of cartilage, producing chondroblasts which later mature into chondrocytes - it is a dense connective tissue

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2
Q

Name 4 places in the human body where elastic cartilage is found.

A

Pinna (external ear)
Epiglottis
External acoustic meatus
Eustachian tube

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3
Q

Which type of cartilage is the only type not to be surrounded by a layer of perichondrium?

A

Fibrocartilage

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4
Q

Cartilage growth typically originates at the periphery. What is this type of growth better known as?

A

Appositional growth from the perichondrium

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5
Q

In what structure do chondrocytes lie?

A

A lacuna

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6
Q

What type of fibres does elastic cartilage contain that other types of cartilage do not?

A

Elastin fibres

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7
Q

How do chondrocytes within fibrocartilage tend to be arranged?

A

In rows

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8
Q

Does hyaline cartilage calcify with age? Does elastin cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage calcifies with age, however elastin cartilage does not

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9
Q

What type of collagen is most prominent in hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

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10
Q

What 2 tissues is fibrocartilage made up of? What 2 cell types does it contain?

A

Fibrocartilage is made up of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage - it contains chondrocytes and fibroblasts

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11
Q

What is a group of chondrocytes commonly called?

A

An isogenous group

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12
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Endochondral ossification is the replacement of a pre-existing hyaline cartilage template with bone, and is the way in which most bones in the body are eventually formed

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13
Q

Define a synovial joint?

A

A moveable joint in which the juxtaposed bone ends are covered by either by hyaline or fibrocartilage, and which lie within lubricating synovial fluid

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14
Q

In a developing long bone, which is the first part of the cartilage template that becomes calcified?

A

The centre

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15
Q

Briefly describe the stages of endochondral ossification.

A

Chondrocytes proliferate and form columns - eventually, these chondrocytes hypertrophy and degenerate - these become mineralised, leaving behind calcified cartilage spicules - osteoblasts lay down bone on these spicules

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16
Q

Do the juxtaposed bones of a synovial joint ever make contact?

A

No

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17
Q

What type of cartilage lines the epiphysis of bones at a synovial joint?

A

Articular (hyaline) cartilage

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18
Q

What resides in a synovial cavity?

A

Synovial fluid

19
Q

What tissue of the synovial joint is continuous with the perichondrium of bone?

A

The fibrous capsule of the synovial joint

20
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

The wearing down of cartilage at a joint, exposing the 2 juxtaposed bones - bones may then rub against each other, causing inflammation and pain

21
Q

Briefly, describe the pathogensis of rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Dunno m8

22
Q

What is the underlying pathology of osteoarthritis?

A

In osteoarthritis the cartilage of a joint is degenerated and lost, meaning the 2 juxtaposed bones meet and rub together - this causes severe pain and inflammation

23
Q

Describe the vascularity of cartilage.

A

It is avascular (innervated by no vessels)

24
Q

What secretes the extracellular matrix within cartilage?

A

Chondrocytes

25
Q

How does the ratio of GAG’s compare to the collagen in the extracellular matrix? How does this affect cartilage?

A

There is a high ratio of GAG’s in comparison to type II collagen - this means that substances may readily diffuse through the cartilage from blood vessels

26
Q

In hyaline cartilage, what cells does the perichondrium consist of? How might these cells mature?

A

The perichondrium contains fibroblast-like cells, which secrete chondroblasts and thereafter chondrocytes

27
Q

What determines the amount of extracellular matrix laid down by chondrocytes?

A

The amount of pressure applied

28
Q

What is the role of chondrocytes?

A

Produce and maintain the extracellular matrix within cartilage

29
Q

What is the matrix of hyaline cartilage composed of?

A
  • hyaluronic acid
  • type II collagen
  • proteoglcan (GAG)
30
Q

What type of cartilage most common in the respiratory tract? What structures does it compose?

A

Hyaline cartilage - the trachea, larynx

31
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

Perichondrium covers the outer margins of cartilage

32
Q

What is growth from the perichondrium known as?

A

Appositional growth

33
Q

What cells arise from the perichondrium?

A

Chondroblasts - these then go on to form isogenous groups of chomdrocytes

34
Q

What is the matrix immediately surrounding a chondrocytes called? How is it different to the rest of the matrix?

A

The territorial matrix - this region is more sulphated than the rest of the matrix

35
Q

What determines the amount of extracellular matrix an chondrocytes lays down?

A

The amount of pressure applied to it

36
Q

Define an articulating surface.

A

Any surface of skeletal formation that makes normal direct contact with another skeletal structure as part of a synovial joint - articulate surfaces are usually covered with articular cartilage

37
Q

Do you find perichondrium at articular surfaces?

A

No

38
Q

What type of cartilage lines the epiphyte all growth plate?

A

Hyaline cartilage

39
Q

Describe how the conformation of hyaline cartilage differs from elastic cartilage.

A

Elastin cartilage has the resilient characteristics displayed by hyaline cartilage, but with the presence of elastin fibres in the extracellular matrix, which confers elasticity

40
Q

What type of cartilage is present in the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

41
Q

When does the epiphyseal growth plate disappear?

A

After cessation of growth

42
Q

Which covering at a synovial joint is continuous with the periosteum?

A

The fibrous capsule

43
Q

What is the first thing to happen to cartilage in endochondral ossification?

A

The periosteum ossifies

Body Logistics (13 decks)

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