Carriage of O2 and CO2 in the blood Flashcards
What are the two ways oxygen is carried in the blood?
Dissolved or combined with Hb
Does more gas dissolve in a solution at a high or low temperature?
Low
What is a normal O2 saturation of Hb?
> 94%
How do you work out the volume of O2 in the blood?
O2 saturation x Hb concentration x Hufner constant (1.39ml/g)
How many moles of O2 are carried by 1 mol Hb?
4
What is the quaternary structure of adult Hb?
2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains
Is Hb in the tense state when it is oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated
What is the effect of the first O2 molecule binding?
It alters the Hb molecule’s structure to allow the next 3 O2 molecules to bind more easily- co-operativity
What does the oxygen saturation of venous blood tend to be?
75%
What is the Bohr effect?
Decreased pH (more acidic) makes the Hb-O2 dissociation curve shift to the right and decreases Hb’s affinity for O2
Why is the Bohr effect beneficial?
In CO2 rich tissues the pH is lower, so Hb’s affinity for O2 is reduced meaning that O2 is released into the tissues that need it.
What three things can increase Hb’s affinity for O2?
- High pH
- Low temperature
- Low 2,3 DPG
What is thalassaemia?
One globin chain is missing- only apparent when start getting adult Hb as foetal Hb (gamma and alpha) unchanged.
What is the cause of sickle cell anaemia?
A single amino acid defect
What is methaemoglobin?
Drug induced defective Fe atom forming methaemoglobin which does not carry O2- like being anaemic.