CARPENTRY Flashcards
Employer responsibilities
paid fairly for your work, given what you need to do your job, includes on the job training. provide safe working conditions.
Safe working conditions
include: eliminating health and safety hazards. Injury prevention. Inform you when conditions or materials pose dangers to health and safety
Amount withheld from paycheck to account for FICA, federal, state and local income tax, retirement contributions, medical, dental and life insurance.
Deductions
A standard set of regulations that govern the procedures and details of construction. its purpose is to ensure that buildings are structurally sound and safe from fire and other hazards.
Building code
house construction before their is a buyer
spec house
house built for a particular client
custom house
what upper limit percentage of a home owners gross income is recommendation towards a monthly house payment including mortgage and taxes?
25%
Lot special conditions to consider when building a house
flood plain, underground springs, industrial contamination
individual lot restrictions such as minimum size house, setbacks, house features, materials used in historical area are listed in what document
Deed
is a standard house plan that can be adapted to fit many different lots. companies that sell stock plans usually provide floor plans and other drawings to show what the finished house will look like.
stock plans
after architect creates plans stays on the job to oversee the construction this person is called what?
Owners agent
what loan is required during the building phase, typically higher interest than a long term mortgage loan
construction loan
When do you need architect?
when you are over 3500 sq feet of habitable space (only sleeping and eating bath spaces…)
traditional architect tool for making scale drawings. typical scale is 1/4” to 1.0’
architects scale
Which element of drawings is used to indicate the center of an object, lines are short dashes
centerlines
which element of drawings is used to indicate the start and end point of a particular dimension, they have arrowheads at each end.
dimension lines
which element of drawings is used to connect a note or reference.
leader lines
which element of drawings is used to indicate lines that represent hidden features, example a basement.
hidden lines
notes that clarify dimensions or suggest a construction technique.
Specific notes
notes that can indicate things for all drawings are called what?
general notes
site or plot plans are what type of bird eye view of boundaries, contours, existing roads, utilities and other details?
Plan Views
which plan is a top view of footings and foundation walls where it shows the location of posts and other elements?
Foundation Plan
Which plan includes all windows and doors, shows the outside shape of the building, size & shape of rooms, types of materials used?
Floor Plan
Which plan is not typical in residential construction and goes beyond to specific size, number and spacing of structural elements?
Framing Plan
Which plan specifies location of every electrical feature of the building
Electrical Plan
Which plan shows arrangement of plumbing and heating features
Mechanical Plan
Which plan shows existing features such as trees and streams and provides information about new landscaping features?
Landscaping Plan
What type of view describes the structure vertical dimensions and materials?
Elevation views
Which view provides a cross sectional view of a structure and all the materials, fastening and support systems?
Section views
What abbreviation on a plan indicates a redundant dimension or specification
TYP - typical
drawings sometimes prepared by civil or structural engineer hired to solve a particular problem. tall retaining wall or manufacturer roof trusses
engineering drawings
also called a presentation drawing - a picture of the structure to show final exterior visual
renderings
A bypassing sliding door is also known as a ___.
a glide by door
What shows the building lot with boundaries, contours, existing roads, utilities, and other details such as existing trees and nearby buildings?
a site plan
a plot plan
both A and B
These views show the house’s front, back, right, and left sides and allow you to see the height and width of objects.
elevation views
Where would you find the stool and apron in a house?
the window
whats the name of a chart or list containing information about the sizing of rough openings, glazing, finish, trim, manufacturers name, window, door, size, among other things.
schedules
what is a signed proposal to do work and/or supply a material for a specified price.
a Bid
what is it called when a builder contacts suppliers of materials or labor and asks them to bid on a project.
competitive bidding
Type of estimate that is a pre-liminary / ball park estimate many times approximated based on $/sqft to give an idea of the potential cost. Insurance companies in many cases use this type of estimate to approximate replacement costs.
Pre-design estimate
what kind of estimate covers every detailed material cost of the project and requires a set of building plans to complete?
Quantity Takeoff (aka complete construction cost estimate or a quantity survey)
what kind of estimate covers the material cost details but in units or components of the project (ex - roof cost vs wall cost, etc)
Unit-cost Estimate
what is the official name for a 3D view
isometric view
number of pieces x thickness (INCHES) x width (INCHES) x Length (FEET) /12
Board Feet
aspect of an estimate that provides a predicted amount of budget but enables clients to go above if they so choose for higher priced finished materials (fixtures)
Allowances
another name for indirect costs
soft costs
what is the the heart of an estimate that identifies every piece of material used at each stage of construction. this is to ensure nothing is left out of an estimate
checklist
a formal and standard organizational structure to file away competitive bids/quotes and their insurances/workman-comps, partial/full waivers, warranties, operating procedures, correspondences, etc.
CSI Master Format Checklist
1. General
2. Site work
3. Concrete
4. Masonry
5. Metals
6. Wood and plastics
7. Thermal and moisture protection
8. Doors and windows
9. Finishes
10. Specialty items
11. Equipment
12. Furnishings
13. Special construction
14. Plumbing
15. Mechanical
16. Electrical
First Load in Material Scheduling
all items needed to complete the house up to and including the subfloor
Second load in Material Scheduling
wall framing and ceiling joists
Third Load in material scheduling
roof framing materials and roof coverings.
Fourth load in material scheduling
exterior doors, windows, exterior trim and siding, as needed
Fifth load in material scheduling
hardwood floor and underlayment materials
sixth load in material scheduling
interior doors, trim, and built-in cabinet materials
What identifies the materials and finishes to be used for floors, walls, and ceilings for each room, including hallways?
a room-finish schedule
A measure of smoke created when a material is burning is known as ____.
smoke density
A signed proposal to do work and/or supply a material for a specified price is called a(n) _____.
bid
Plumbing, heating, and electrical work are considered part of ____
mechanicals
An easy way to keep track of a project that shows how long each task will take and when each task will start and end is known as ___.
a bar chart
What color container does kerosene go into
blue
What color can does diesel go into
yellow
how many gallons of flammable gasoline is requiring a can with self closing lid on a jobsite
1 gallon
For excavations how deep of a trench/cut/cavity requires a resident engineer to design the slope or bench excavation?
20 feet
A worker who has heat exhaustion still?
sweats
sweating stops and body is unable to regulate core temperature, this can be deadly.
heatstroke
Air hoses supplying air pressure for pneumatic tools should be rated what percent higher than the maximum pressure delivered by the compressor?
50%
Do not use air hoses longer than how many feet?
100’
nail fasteners in a strip or roll held together by plastic or paper called what?
collated fasteners
industrial type 1 ladders are rated what lbs?
250lbs
you cannot paint or re-seal ladders unless
the manufacturer tells you to
On residential job sites, what type of fire extinguisher is necessary?
Class A, B, and C
What is a poisonous element that was used for many years to protect certain types of wood products against attack by wood-destroying insects?
arsenic
is a chemical reaction that occurs when water combines with cement. generates heat as the concrete cures.
hydration
Portland cement consists of
lime (calcium oxide), silica and alumina
which type of portland cement is standard in residential construction
type 1
what type of cement expands when mixed with water and hardens within minutes. used to plug holes and cracks in foundations
hydraulic cement
you fill/fix narrow vertical cracks in foundations walls with
two part epoxy
Fine aggregate is less than what diameter?
.25”
Coarse aggregate is greater than what diameter
.25”
how much strength does concrete gain in first 6-7 days?
60-70%
What are the 3 concrete admixtures?
Air-Entraining (durability for cold cycling climates), Retarding (hot climate), Accelerating (cold climate)
a cosmetic problem in concrete after it hardens that leaves crystalline deposits
Efflorescence
concrete formation of loose powder on the surface of hardened concrete
chalking (aka dusting)
2500PSI concrete
4.5 bag
3000PSI concrete
5bag
3500PSI concrete
5.5 bag
4000PSI concrete
6 bag
6 (bags) - 6 (gals/bag)-6 (%additives)-0 (days to cure) = 1cu yd
Concrete mix proportions
if strength of concrete is critical do what to it
slow loss of moisture by covering it with polyethylene sheets, wet burlap or wet straw.
What is defined as a chemical reaction that occurs when water combines with cement and generates heat as the concrete cures?
hydration
What type of cement expands when mixed with water, hardens within minutes, and is used to plug holes and cracks in foundations?
hydraulic cement
In regard to concrete cover for reinforcing steel, rebar in footings needs ___ of concrete coverage.
3 inches
after establishing grade and corners of the house what is used to help establish building lines using string?
Batter Boards
how many feet to position batter boards from building lines?
4’ minimum
distance the basement walls/foundation have to be above grade per code
8”
what do you need to know prior to building a house on a lot
bearing capacity
how many inches of fall over 10’ from the foundation is required to ensure proper drainage
6”
when compacting sand with a vibrator in preparation concrete slab what two strategies are required
fast vibration, slow travel. compact sand to 95% +
nuclear density device test what
compaction / density
average swell factor of clay soil
30%
average swell factor of top soil
25%
average swell factor of gravel
12%
What can measure horizontal angles and vertical angles and can be used to determine if a post or wall is plumb?
a transit
A board fastened horizontally to stakes placed to the outside of where the corners of the building will be located is called a ___.
batter board
What is defined as a measure of how well the soil can support the weight of a house?
bearing capacity
The measurement of the ability of water to flow through the soil is known as ____.
porosity
What is the additional excavation needed to provide clearance for work called?
overdig
foundation french drain consists of what minimum size filter fabric wrapped pipe, depth of gravel below and above the pipe and distance from foundation
4” drain pipe, on 2” of gravel, 6” gravel above pipe, 12” gravel wide from foundation.
What occurs where fresh concrete is poured on top of or next to concrete that has already begun to cure and is more likely to leak/is weaker than the surrounding wall?
cold joint
sill plate anchors shall be spaced no more than how many feet apart and no more than how many inches from the ends of any plate, section or wall corner?
6’ and 12”
how think are base ledges for masonry on poured foundations
5”
on masonry siding at the foundation level what three features are per code
masonry is 1” from wall, weep holes are formed at 2nd course of brick, flashing comes out at 2nd course of brick.
for beam pockets in foundations that are prepared for wood beams or girders what is the clearance and minimum bearing depth?
1/2” all way around and 4” bearing
when removing foundation forms what tool to not use and what to use instead?
do not use metal prybar instead use wood wedges
What locks the foundation walls to the footing to prevent moisture from seeping between the walls and footing?
keyway
What is defined as a wall notch needed for basement beams or girders?
a beam pocket
Now required by code for all foundation walls, what do you call the steps that must be taken to protect them from moisture?
dampproofing
how soon can you backfill block walls after waterproofed
48 hours minimum
Concrete Block Walls (CMUs) have what size mortar joint? What is vertical and horizontal joints called?
3/8”, head and bed joints
