Carotids

Question 1

ICA/CCA ratio > 4

Answer 1

70% diameter reduction

Question 2

1st branch of ICA

Answer 2

ophthalmic artery

Question 3

1st branch of ECA

Answer 3

thyrocervical

Question 4

NAVIX 80-99% ICA stenosis

Answer 4

>= 400 cm/sec PSV

>= 125 cm/sec EDV

ratio >= 5.5

Question 5

NAVIX 70-79% ICA stenosis

Answer 5

>= 325 cm/sec PSV

>=100 cm/sec EDV

ratio >= 4.0

Question 6

NAVIX 50-69%

Answer 6

>= 180 cm/sec PSV

>= 80 cm/sec EDV

ratio >= 1.8

Question 7

NAVIX 20-49%

Answer 7

> 90 cm/sec PSV

< 80 cm/sec EDV

ratio < 1.8

Question 8

SRU 50-69%

Answer 8

125-230 cm/sec PSV

40-100 cm/s EDV

ratio 2-4

Question 9

SRU > 70%

Answer 9

> 230 cm/s PSV

>= 40 cm/s EDV

ratio > 4

Question 10

delayed upstroke

Answer 10

distal

Question 11

finding in brachiocephalic stenosis/occlusion

Answer 11

wandering CCA - to and fro flow -

unable to obtain velocity

Question 12

doubling CCA PSV

Answer 12

>= 50%

Question 13

ECA stenosis criteria

Answer 13

> 200 cm/sec with post stenotic turbulence

Question 14

abnormal subclavian

Answer 14

200 cm/sec with post stenotic turbulence

Question 15

carotid steal

Answer 15

brachiocephalic artery stenosis/occlusion -

pressure drop in systole -

reversal or delay in systolic flow -

siphoning back & forth

(CCA parvus tardus)

Question 16

carotid stent restenosis

Answer 16

6% at 1-2 years (update stats)

Question 17

carotid stent > 75%

Answer 17

> 300 cm/s PSV; >125 cm/s

Question 18

fibrous plaque

Answer 18

echogenic

Question 19

fatty plaque

Answer 19

lucent

Question 20

anterior hemispheric infarct

Answer 20

unilateral amaurosis fugax motor/sensory deficit homonomous hemianopsia aphasia

Question 21

posterior hemispheric infarct

Answer 21

bilateral

diplopia

ataxia

vertigo

drop attacks

confusion/memory loss

dyphagia

dysarthria

Question 22

mid to distal ICA involvement

Answer 22

FMD

Question 23

high resistance CCA waveform

Answer 23

stenosis in ICA or in MCA/Circle of Willis

Question 24

bunny ears - early systolic reversal

Answer 24

early subclavian steal retrograde vertebral flow ipsilateral subclavian w stenosis proximal to vert

Question 25

turbulence distal to CEA

Answer 25

turbulence distal to CEA

Question 26

brain death

Answer 26

flow reversal, decreased diastolic flow, to and fro flow,

Question 27

vertebrobasilar symptoms

Answer 27

dizziness

syncope

neurological symptoms bilateral extremities

ocular symptoms

Question 28

Answer 28

bunny rabbit

presteal flow - prior to becoming retrograde

Question 29

ONLY side of carotid steal

Answer 29

RIGHT

Question 30

is there a LEFT carotid steal

Answer 30

No

only right

Question 31

incidence of carotid stent stenosis

Answer 31

6% at 1-2 years

mostly stenosis in first 6 months - 46%

6-12 months - 25%

12 months - 29%