Carnonyl Chemistry

Question 1

What is a carbonyl?

Answer 1

A carbonyl is a C to O double bond group and are polarised due to an electronegativity difference.

Question 2

How are carbonyls bonded?

Answer 2

The C and O are sp^2 hybridised and the C to O bond is strongly polarised due to the electron deficient carbon.

Question 3

What does carbonyl bonding mean for their reactivity?

Answer 3

Carbonyl bond is more reactive than an alkene but stronger because of polarisation.

Question 4

What is a ketone?

Answer 4

A ketone is an alkanone and has a carbonyl group present in the middle of the molecule.

Question 5

What is an aldehyde?

Answer 5

An aldehyde is an alkanal, a carbonyl group is present at the end of the molecule. (-anal = anal = at end)

Question 6

Carbonyls and nucleophiles react and…

Answer 6

the double bond of the carbonyl is removed at the same time.

Question 7

What is an organometallic?

Answer 7

A source of nucleophilic carbon and are a way of making C to C double bonds.

Question 8

What are the two types of organometallic?

Answer 8

• Organolithium reagents

* Grignard reagents

Question 9

Carbonyl addition can create a…

Answer 9

chiral/stereogenic centre but Grignard reagents cannot distinguish the different carbonyl faces.
Product is 1:1 ratio.

Question 10

Reduction of aldehydes & ketones?

Answer 10

Primary Alcohol —> Ketone —> Carboxylic Acid

Secondary Alcohol —> Aldehyde

Tertiary Alcohol —> ❌