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Africa > Carnivores > Flashcards

Carnivores Flashcards

1
Q

What are 7 examples of vertebrates genets hunt?

A

Rodents
Bats
Bush Babies’=
Birds up to the size of chickens
Lizards
Snakes
Frogs

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2
Q

What habitats can you find genets in?

A

almost everywhere except the Sahara

Rain forest, woodland, also drier and unforested regions

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3
Q

What do genets eat? (4)

A

Small vertebrates
Invertebrates
Fruits
Nectar

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4
Q

Name 7 invertebrates genets hunt?

A

grasshopper
Crickets
Beetles
Spiders
Centepedes
Scorpions
Moths

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5
Q

How many genets live together?

A

Solitary / 1

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6
Q

When are genets most active?

A

Nocturnal

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7
Q

Name.2 anti-predator behaviors seen in genets?

A

offensive & defensive threat displays with accompanying vocalizations

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8
Q

How large are civets?

A

Size and shape of a racoon

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9
Q

What habitats will you find civets in?

A

throughout tropical Africa except the most arid parts and wherever there is cover close to water.

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10
Q

What 5 general categories of food do civets eat?

A

Omnivorous
Fruits and Vegetables
Invertebrates
Preys on vertebrates the size of newborn antelope
Readily eats carrion

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11
Q

How many civets live together?

A

Solitary

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12
Q

When are civets most active?

A

Strictly Nocturnal

very rarely seen during the day.

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13
Q

Where do civets sleep / shelter?

A

In holes or in dense undergrowth

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14
Q

How do civets catch prey?

A

They don’t stalk prey, thry pounce on small prey or grab it from its hiding place

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15
Q

What 2 specific killing methods do civets use once they’ve caught their prey?

A

Death Shake: gripping prey by the neck and shaking it so violently it breaks the backs of their prey.

Killing Bite

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16
Q

When is civet calving season?

A

early in the rains

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17
Q

What body language does an anxious civet display?

A

head lowered, narrow eyes, flexed legs and slinks with dorsal crest lower than usual.

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18
Q

What habitats can you find slender Mongoose in?

A

almost everywhere south of the Sahara where there’s cover except deserts

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19
Q

What do slender mongoose eat?

3 categories

A

small vertebrates
insects
rarely fruit

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20
Q

When are slender mongoose most active?

A

Diurnal

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21
Q

Where do slender mongoose sleep / take refuge?

5 examples

A

in termite mounds,
rock piles,
crevices,
holes in thr ground,
tree bases.

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22
Q

How many slender mongoose live together?

A

Solitary

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23
Q

When are slender mongoose most active?

In South Africa, specifically

A

Diurnal, specific times vary

In South Africa, they become active before full daylight and spend noon hours resting and sunning.

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24
Q

Name 3 predatory methods and behaviors seen in slender mongoose.

A

pouncing
chasing
flushing from hiding

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25
Q

What is the main killing method in slender mongoose?

A

killing bite

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26
Q

How do prey / small animals respond to slender mongoose?

A

with alarm calls

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27
Q

How do small birds respond to slender mongoose?

A

mobbing

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28
Q

Which 2 mongoose species attack slender mongoose if they come near a pack with young?

A

Dwarf mongoose
Banded Mongoose

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29
Q

When is slender mongoose calving season in South Africa?

A

October - December

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30
Q

Name 4 animal species slender Mongoosee have been known to play with.

A

Hyrax (Dassies)
Antelope
Monkeys
Ground Squirrels

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31
Q

Name 6 Antipredator behaviors seen in Slender Mongoose

A

Defensive threats
Bristling
Wide-mouth Threat (also seen in play)
Mock Attack
Alarm Calls
Growling

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32
Q

What habitats will you find Gray Mongoose?

A

Frequents dense vegetation such as rivering forest, reedbeds, and thickets bordering rivers, lakes and ponds.

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33
Q

When are gray mongoose most active?

A

Diurnal

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34
Q

What 2 main types of food do gray mongoose eat?

A

invertebrates
small vertebrates

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35
Q

When do gray mongoose do monst of their hunting?

A

In the early morning and late afternoons

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36
Q

What temperatures and conditions make gray mongoose withdraw into shrubbery?

A

temperatures above 27 C or below 11 C

During strong winds and rains

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37
Q

In gray mongoose, how are large and small prey killed?

A

Larger prey is killed with a neck bite

Smaller prey is killed with a head bite

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38
Q

How do gray mongoose hunt birds?

A

They behave strangely such as chasing their tales, rearing up and falling side to side etc. This either encourages the birds to mob—getting close enough to grab or makes them curious—bringing them close enough to grab.

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39
Q

What 2 main Antipredator behaviors are seen in slender mongoose?

(7 examples)

A

Defensive threat
-bristing
-lunging
-backing attack
-cackling
-screaming
-hissing
-spitting

Concealment

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40
Q

What habitats will you find white-tailed mongoose?

A

Mountains, savanna woodland, arid zones

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41
Q

Where are white-tailed mongoose most aundant?

A

grassland habitat with large populations of ungulates

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42
Q

What do white tailed mongoose eat? (2 main + 2 examples)
During the rains?

A

Large insects
Other Invertebrates
Harvester Termites and Ants

During the rains, they eat dung beetles.

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43
Q

When are white-tailed mongoose most active?

A

Strictly Nocturnal

they rise from their dens only after sunset and return before dawn.

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44
Q

What are 2 Antipredator behaviors seen in white-tailed mongoose?

A

Initial reaction to freeze
Relies on stink glands to deter predators

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45
Q

How many white-tailed mongoose live together?

A

Solitary

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46
Q

What habitat will you find Marsh Mongoose in?

A

Needs water and cover for concealment

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47
Q

What do marsh mongoose eat with 10 examples.

A

freshwater crabs
crayfish
mussels
clams
snails
fish
reptiles
bird eggs
frogs
worms

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48
Q

When are marsh mongoose most active?

A

Primarily but not strictly Nocturnal.

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49
Q

What is the primary hunting method of Marsh Mongoose?

A

wading in shallow water, groping for creatures with their dextrous hands

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50
Q

Name 5 predators of marsh mongoose

A

Hyena
Leopards
Lion
Crocodile
Pythons

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51
Q

Name 4 Antipredator behaviors seen in marsh mongoose?

A

low growl with sudden bark
escape into water
self-defense, especially in water
Backing attack

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52
Q

What habitat will you find yellow mongoose?

A

dry savannas and open plains
especially Kalahari Sandveld and floodplains

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53
Q

What common animal do yellow mongoose often share a den with?

A

Ground Squirrels

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54
Q

What do yellow mongoose eat?

3

A

Mostly insects taken near the surface and occasionally mice and reptiles.

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55
Q

Name 4 specific animals yellow mongoose hunt / eat?

A

harvester termites
beetles
grasshoppers
crickets

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56
Q

When are yellow mongoose most active?

A

Diurnal

Most active in the morning and late afternoon

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57
Q

How much time do yellow mongoose spend sunbathing and being social each day?

A

1.5 hours

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58
Q

How many yellow mongoose live together?

A

a mated pair and their offspring.

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59
Q

What hunting behavior do we see in yellow mongoose?

A

they hunt alone, digging in sandy soil for buried beetle larvae

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60
Q

Name 5 predators of yellow mongoose?

A

Large eagles
Black-backed Jackals
Caracal
Cobra
Black Mamba

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61
Q

Name 4 Antipredator behaviors seen in yellow mongoose

A

tail raised in an S curve
Alarm Posture
Short bark
danger signal

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62
Q

What habitat can you find dwarf mongoose?

A

numerous termite mounds, woody. vegetation such as thicket, open woodland, scattered bush

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63
Q

What do dwarf. mongoose eat?

  1. examples
A

beetles
crickets
grasshoppers
spiders
termites
scorpions

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64
Q

Are dwaf mongoose water dependent?

A

No,, but. they drink when they can

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65
Q

When are dwarf mongoose most active?

A

Diurnal

Schedule subject to. weather conditions

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66
Q

Name 3 predators of dwarf. mongoose

A

birds. of prey
snakes
slender. mongoose

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67
Q

Name 3 Antipredator behaviors seen in dwarf mongoose

A

flight to refuge holes

threat. displays

defense of young

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68
Q

what habitat will you find banded mongoose in?

A

Savanna associated with termite mounds

Likes patches of undergrowth

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69
Q

What habitats do banded mongoose avoid?

A

Closed woodland and rarely ventures far into short grasses.

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70
Q

Are banded mongoose water dependent?

A

No.

They can live in waterless regions but will drink sparingly when available.

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71
Q

What do banded mongoose eat (2 main categories)

A

Invertebrates
Some small vertebrates

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72
Q

Name 7 examples of invertebrate prey banded mongoose eat

A

Beetles
Crickets
Grasshoppers
Termites
Spiders
Ants
Millipedes

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73
Q

Name 6 examples of vertebrate prey banded mongoose eat?

A

Mice
Birds
Bird eggs
Snakes
Lizards
Toads

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74
Q

When are banded mongoose most active?

A

Diurnal

Emerging from den well after sunrise, they forage for 2-3 hours and forage again a half hour before sunset

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75
Q

Where do banded mongoose rest during the heat of the day?

A

In the deep shade

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76
Q

How many banded mongoosee live together

A

Up to 35 adults

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77
Q

What does the preferred den site look like for banded mongoose. (4 criteria)

A

Old termite mounds
With multiple entrances
Situated on slopes
And covered with thickets

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78
Q

How do banded mongoose forage?

A

They spread out and move in the same direction, hunting individually. They maintain vocal contact.

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79
Q

In banded mongoose, how is prey with stinger or chemical defenses killed such as scorpions and snakes.

A

Shaken, pawed, then rolled

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80
Q

What 3 Antipredator behaviors are seen in banded mongoose?

A

High sit and low sit posture with hair sleeked

Alarm call chirping

Mock and real mobbing attack with growling, churring, spitting, and snapping

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81
Q

Name 3 predators of banded mongoose

A

Servals
Jackals
Martial eagles

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82
Q

What do spotted hyena eat? (3 things)

A

Mostly vertebrates, especially with hooves

Rarely eats fruits / vegetables

Rarely eats invertebrates

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83
Q

What habitat can you find spotted hyena?

A

Almost everywhere except rainforest and true desert.

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84
Q

How many hyena hunt together?

A

Usually 1 but they do coordinate pack hunts to catch trickier prey such as zebra.

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85
Q

How do jackals often steal food from hyenas?

A

Mated couples move in from both sides of a feeding hyena until it snaps at one of them then the other grabs food and runs.

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86
Q

What is hyenas response to predators / competitors?

A

Mobbing attacks, used against rival clans and lions when trying to steal or reclaim a kill

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87
Q

What do aardwolf eat?

A

Specialized insectivore, hunts a particular type of termite

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88
Q

Which specific insect do aardwolf hunt?

A

Harvester termites

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89
Q

What habitat will you find aardwolves

A

Open dry country with short grass, particularly areas over-grazed by herbivores

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90
Q

What other insects will aardwolves eat?

3 examples

A

Ants, moths, and beetles

91
Q

Besides insects, what 4 foods do aardwolves eat?

A

Carrion
Mice
Birds
Baby tortoises

92
Q

When are aardwolves most active?

A

Nocturnal.

During the winter may leave the den 1.5 hours before dark

93
Q

How many aardwolves live together?

A

While they are paired, associations are loose and they forage and sleep alone.

94
Q

Aardwolves scat smells strongly like what?

A

Ammonia

95
Q

What 3 Antipredator behaviors are seen in aardwolves?

A

Threat display with suprisingly deep growls, barks, and roars.

Enlarges their silhouette up to 74%

Cubs make clicking sounds.

96
Q

Where are African wild cats most common?

A

Savanna’s, may even live on treeless plains.

97
Q

When are African wildcats most active?

A

Strictly Nocturnal

Occasionally seen sunning outside burrow.

98
Q

What habitats will you find serval in?

A

Marshland, edges of gallery forest, montane grassland, and forest glades often near water.

Tall grassland

99
Q

What do servals eat?

A

Small vertebrates

100
Q

Name 8 specific examples of serval prey

A

Rats
Mice
Birds
Snakes
Lizards
Frogs
Fish
Insects

101
Q

What prey do servals eat most often?

A

Rats, mice and other rodents

102
Q

Name 3 examples of servals’ larger prey

A

Flamingos
Storks
Young of medium sized antelope

103
Q

When are servals most active?

A

Diurnal

Especially early and late. They do have night-time activity though.

104
Q

When are servals night time activity peaks?

A

Before midnight and 4-5 am

105
Q

How do servals catch prey?

A

They leap high in the air and come down with both front feet on quarry

106
Q

Name 2 known predators of servals

A

Hyena
Wild dogs

107
Q

How do servals react when they see hyenas or other predators ( 2 methods )

A

They duck deep into tall grass and wait for the threat to pass.

If seen, they run in leaps and bounds with sudden serves and tail high.

108
Q

What kind of habitat will you find caracal in?

A

Prefers arid bush. Inhabits plains, rocky hill mountains, only enters open grassland at night.

Needs woody vegetation for cover

109
Q

What habitat do caracal avoid?

A

Dense evergreen forest

110
Q

Name 16 examples of caracal prey

A

Kudu calves
Adult impala
Sheep
Ostrich
Reedbuck
Mountain reedbuck
Hyraxes (Dassies)
Springbok
Steenbok
Gray duiker
Jackals
Monkeys
Mongooses
Springhares
Small rodents
Birds

111
Q

When are caracals most active?

A

Primarily nocturnal,

but also active in the day and twilight.

112
Q

How many caracal live together?

A

Solitary

113
Q

How do caracal kill prey?

A

Strangulation

114
Q

What do caracals do with their kills?

A

Cover them with leaves and grass or caches them in trees.

115
Q

What habitat do you find leopard in?

A

Lowland rainforest, deserts, mountains.

116
Q

What do leopards eat?

A

Every form of protein from beetles to antelopes to humans.

117
Q

When are leopards most active?

A

Primarily nocturnal

But active at dusk and a couple of hours after dawn.

118
Q

How long will a leopard use the same resting place?

A

Rarely 2 nights in a row.

119
Q

How do leopards catch prey?

A

Stalking and pounding when close

120
Q

How close do leopards get to their prey before they pounce

A

15-60 feet

121
Q

Name 3 examples of prey leopards kill.

A

Tsessebe
Subadult wildebeest
Impala

122
Q

What habitat can you find lion?

A

Anywhere except desert and rainforests

Primarily savanna and plains ecosystems. Can be found in miombo woodland.

123
Q

Name 5 examples of common lion prey

A

Impala
Wildebeest
Zebra
Buffalo
Giraffes

124
Q

What 2 scavenging methods are used by lions.

A

Respond to hyena rallying cries as readily as hyenas do

Follow circling vultures.

125
Q

When are lions most active?

A

Late afternoon / early evening.

But they will become active any time they see an easy opportunity to hunt.

126
Q

How many lions typically live together in Kruger National Park?

A

13

127
Q

How many male lions live together in cooperative bachelor coalitions?

A

Almost never more than 4

128
Q

How close does a lion need to be before they charge their prey?

A

Within 100 feet unless the prey is turned away so they can start before their prey sees them.

129
Q

How do lions catch their prey?

A

They rely on stalking and running (while the animal is turned) 88% of the time. Rarely relies on ambush methods.

130
Q

What are lions success rates for hunting solitary and in groups

A

Solitary: 17-19% success rate

Groups: 30% success rate

131
Q

What affect does wind direction have on lions’ hunting?

A

None

They approach regardless of wind direction, even though hunts approached from downwind are 3x more successful.

132
Q

How do lions approach killing prey the size of impala or reedbuck

A

With a slap on the haunches, tripped or clutched with both paws and dragged down then killed with a strangulation bite.

133
Q

How do lions approach killing larger prey ?

A

Comes in at an oblique angle, rears and throws 1 paw over the shoulder or rump and uses its full weight and strength to pull prey backwards or sideways and then lunges for the throat or nose and proceeds with strangulation bite.

134
Q

How long do lions stay with their kills?

A

Until the meat is gone or until hyenas run them off.

135
Q

Name 3 dominance / threat display behaviors seen in lions

A

Strutting
Head-low threat
Accompanying vocaliztions

136
Q

Which predator is most likely to kill lions both very young and old?

A

Hyenas

137
Q

Where can you find African wildcats?

A

Almost everywhere rats are plentiful including outskirts of villages and in towns, even live in treeless grassland.

138
Q

What do African wild cats eat? (7 examples)

A

Same as housecats:
-mice
-rodents
-small birds
-springhare
-lizards
-snakes
-frogs
-large insects

139
Q

What’s the largest prey of African wild cats?

A

Springhares

140
Q

Name 5 large insects eaten by African wild cats?

A

Beetles
Grasshoppers
Winged termites
Centipedes
Termites

141
Q

How many African wildcats live together?

A

Solitary

142
Q

When are African wildcats most active?

A

Nocturnal

143
Q

How close does a cheetah need to be to it’s prey

A

Within 1,000 feet, preferably within 150 feet

144
Q

What habitat will you find cheetah in?

A

Grassland with bushes and trees scattered for cover, medium-length grass and broken ground.

Miombo woodland zone

145
Q

What do cheetahs eat most often in Kruger National Park

A

Impala

146
Q

Name 5 species cheetah hunt in the miombo woodland zone?

A

Bush duiker
Reedbuck
Juvenile sable
Juvenile roan
Warthog

147
Q

Are cheetah water dependent?

A

Yes

They regularly go up to 4 days without drinking

148
Q

When are cheetah most active?

A

Diurnal

they hunt during the day and rest during the hottest hours

149
Q

How many cheetah live together?

A

Females are solitary

Males live in coalitions with other litter mates or alone.

150
Q

How does an actively hunting cheetah behave?

A

Walks along alertly, utilizes termite mounds and trees with low branches to spot prey.

151
Q

How do cheetahs get close to their prey in the open without cover?

3 methods

A

Wait at a vantage point if the prey is walking in that direction.

May approach slowly in the open and chase if they get within 200- 230 feet of the prey before spotted

If all animals are grazing and unsuspecting may rush to get close if they are over 300 feet away.

152
Q

How do cheetah get close to prey if there is cover available?

5 methods

A

They stalk as close as possible:

walking semi-crouched with head lowered to shoulder level,
trotting,
freezing mid-stride when prey looks up,
lying crouched,
sitting

153
Q

How long do cheetah’s stalk for?

A

Anywhere from a few minutes to an hour

154
Q

Name 3 things cheetah consider when choosing prey.

Name 2 things cheetah do not consider when choosing prey.

A

Cheetah consider:
-lone animals separated from the group
-individuals near cover are the most likely to be singled out
-small fawns who leave their hiding places

Cheetahs do not consider:
-individuals in poor condition
-wind direction

155
Q

If a cheetah fails a hunt, how long do they wait before they try again?

A

At least 30 minutes

156
Q

Where do cheetahs eat their food?

A

They drag it into nearby covere as quickly as they can.

157
Q

Which predators are likely to steal a cheetah’s kill?

4

A

Lions
Hyenas
Wild dogs
Leopards

158
Q

How do cheetahs respond to lions?

A

They surrender their kills immediately and will often flee at just the sound of a lion.

159
Q

Name 4 predators that kill cheetahs.

A

Lions
Leopards
Wild dogs
Eagles (cubs)

160
Q

What habitats can you find bat-eared fox?

A

Open grassland, light acacia woodland, overgrazed rangeland.

Prefers short grasses and/or extensive bare ground such as a calcareous soils with underlying hard pan and sandy soils

161
Q

Name 11 things bat-eared foxes eat

A

Harvester termites
Beetles
Grasshoppers
Crickets
Scorpions
Rodents
Reptiles
Snakes
Wild fruits
Hunting spiders
Millipedes

162
Q

Name 4 things bat-eared foxes are most likely to eat late in the rains.

A

Insects
Wild fruits
Scorpions
Mice

163
Q

How many bat-eared foxes live together?

A

2–monogamous pairs and their offspring

164
Q

When are bat-eared foxes most active?

A

Primarily nocturnal

But can be seen resting outside during the day.

165
Q

Where do bat-eared foxes rest during the day

A

Thickets and dens modified by warthogs, aardvarks, and springhares.

166
Q

What times do bat-eared foxes leave their resting places to lie in the open?

A

4:30-5pm

167
Q

When do bat-eared foxes forage?

A

Nightfall to midnight and 4am-dawn

168
Q

How do bat-eared foxes hunt grasshoppers and winged termites

A

Leaping like acrobats

169
Q

How do bat-eared foxes hunt lizards, gerbils, and young birds?

A

With quick dashes

170
Q

How do bat-eared foxes hunt mince?

A

Pounce with both feet

171
Q

How do bat -eared foxes hunt insects?

A

Move erratically with head moving side to side with ears cocked.

Then they stop and moves ears back and forth moves to where prey is with ears cupped and begins digging a trench.

172
Q

What predators are bat-eared fox vulnerable to?

A

All predators down to the size of eagles and jackals, even as adults.

173
Q

Name 2 Antipredator behavior seen in bat-eared foxes

A

Speed
Extraordinary dodging ability: can flick tail and change direction without losing speed.

174
Q

What habitats can you find black-backed jackals

A

Broad range including more open and arid country, but prefers areas with scattered bush

175
Q

Name 8 things black-backed jackals eat

A

Omnivorous

Invertebrates
Rodents
Hares
Concealed young of animals up to their size
Carrion
Lizards
Snakes
Various fruits

176
Q

How many black-backed jackals live together?

A

Monogamous pairs and some offspring staying as helpers.

177
Q

When are black-backed jackals most active?

A

Mainly nocturnal but often day-active too.

178
Q

How do black-backed jackals scavenge?

A

From lions and hyenas they boldly run up to a lil land steal food and run.

179
Q

How many black backed jackals have been seen around a single lion or hyena kill?

A

15

180
Q

How do black backed jackals cache surplus meat

A

They bury it piece by piece in a dispersed pattern, usually around a landmark

181
Q

How long do black-backed jackals leave cached meat?

A

Less than 24 hours

182
Q

Where are black-backed jackals dens often located?

A

Termite mounds

183
Q

What predators are black-backed jackals vulnerable to?

A

Pups are vulnerable to anything capable of carrying it away. Eagles are the main predators but even natal eyes have managed

Main predators of adults are leopards.

184
Q

What habitats can you find side-striped jackals

A

Guinea savanna and miombo woodland zone. Woodland species. Bush and grassland, marshes, montane habitats up to 2,700 meters

185
Q

What do side-striped jackals eat (3)

A

Wild fruits
Small mammals
Insects

186
Q

How many side-striped jackals live together?

A

Monogamous pairs. Family units up to 6

187
Q

When are side-striped jackals most active?

A

Nocturnal

Activity peaks early and late at night but also seen during the day

188
Q

Where are side-striped jackals’ dens

A

Termite mounds
Aardvark holes
Hillsides

189
Q

What habitats will you find wild dogs?

A

Savanna and arid zones but will wander through dense scrub, woodland, and montane for food

190
Q

what habitats do wild dogs avoid?

A

Forest

191
Q

What are wild dogs most likely to hunt in Kruger NP?

A

Impalas—87%

192
Q

Name 6 species wild dog hunts?

A

Reedbuck
Impala
Hares
Wildebeest calves
Gray duikers
Hartebeest

193
Q

Do wild dogs eat carrion?

A

No

194
Q

Are wild dogs water-dependent?

A

Somewhat

Drinks regularly but can go long periods without water

195
Q

Name 1 place wild dogs like to rest on hot days?

A

Wet spots

196
Q

How many wild dogs live together in Kruger NP?

A

10

197
Q

When are wild dogs most active?

A

Diurnal

198
Q

How far do wild dog packs move every day on average?

A

10 to 40 km
10 km average

6 to 25 miles
6 miles average

199
Q

What specific times are wild dogs most likely to be hunting?

A

6-7 am
6-7:30 pm

Slight spike at 9-10 am

200
Q

What is the wild dogs’ primary hunting strategy?

A

Endurance

They don’t hide, sneak, or stalk. They simply chase their prey until they stop and then they attack

201
Q

What effect do wild dogs have on prey?

A

Repeated disturbance by hunting pack makes prey more flighty

202
Q

What habitats can you find striped weasel? (5)

A

Habitats with good grass cover which are not burned off every year such as highlands, moist areas along drainage lines, forest-savanna mosaic, and agricultural land.

203
Q

What do striped weasels eat?

A

Strictly carnivorous

Rarely eats anything larger than a rat.

204
Q

When are striped weasels most active?

A

Almost entirely nocturnal

Sometimes they are seen early or late near sunrise or sunset

205
Q

What time do striped weasels usually emerge from their den?

A

2 hours after sunset

206
Q

What time do striped weasels return to their dens?

A

An hour before sunrise

207
Q

What habitats can you find zorilla

A

Savanna and arid zones.

Most common on open rangeland where ungulates keep grass short.

208
Q

What habitats will you not find zorilla in?

A

Forested areas, savanna with thick cover.

209
Q

What do zorilla eat?

A

Pretty much any vertebrate up to the size of a small hare. Devotes most of its foraging time to small insects

210
Q

Are zorilla water dependent?

A

No

But they will drink sparingly

211
Q

How many zorilla live together?

A

Solitary

212
Q

When and what times are zorilla most active?

A

Strictly nocturnal

Rarely seen before 2200 (10 pm) and usually retires before dawn.

213
Q

How do zorilla hunt insects / invertebrates

A

Poke nose into dung
Digs
Captures insects when they land.

214
Q

How does zorilla hunt vertebrates?

A

Stalks them then grabs with forefeet.

Killing bite to the head or neck.

215
Q

Name 3 Antipredator behaviors seen in zorilla?

A

Threat display
Discharging stink glands
Playing dead

216
Q

What habitat will you not find honey badgers?

A

Deserts
Rare in lowland rainforest

217
Q

What habitats can you find honey badgers in?

A

Tolerates a wide range of conditions from very dry to very wet, sea level, high montane forest, miombo woodland zone.

218
Q

What do honey badgers eat? 5 examples

A

Opportunistic Insectivore / Carnivore

Insects
Young mammals
Carrion
Berries
Fruits

219
Q

How many honey badgers live together?

A

Thought to live in monogamous pairs

220
Q

When are honey badgers most active?

A

In settled areas, almost exclusively nocturnal

In parks and remote areas they are more active during the day.

221
Q

What habitats can you find clawless otters in?

A

Small and large streams, ponds, swamps

222
Q

What habitats are clawless otters frequently absent from? In South Africa?

A

Large rivers

Parts of the Limpopo River

223
Q

Name 7 things clawless otters eat?

A

Crabs
Frogs
Fish
Insects
Snakes
Water birds
Mollusks

224
Q

When are clawless otters most active?

A

Day and Night

Most often in the afternoons and nights but sometimes in the morning and heat of the day.

Africa (10 decks)

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