Animal Facts Flashcards

Question

Bushbuck Antipredator

Answer 1

* Freezing * Running to Cover Almost invisible standing in thicket as long as it is still. Hyenas and Lions have passed as close as 33 feet without seeing them.

Answer 2

**Omnivorous** Roots, bulbs, and fallen fruits. Leaves, carrion, excrement, and small mammals and birds.

Answer 3

**_Diurnal_** Late risers, especially on cool mornings when grass is covered in dew. May rest until 9am grazing from 10-11 am with a resting peak at 2 pm. Feeding peak in the last hour before sunset.

Answer 4

* Alert Posture * Alarm Snort * Self-Defense * Flight Tendency towards aggressive and effective self-defense

Answer 5

**_Nocturnal_** Most active in the first part of the night and also unusually active by bright moonlight.

Answer 6

Eats a variety of animal food and will scavenge a meal instead of hunting if they can.

Answer 7

Usually spends 20-21 hours a day resting. More likely to become active in the late afternoon. Suckling, play, etc. happen early or late at night. Lions hunt at night and early morning most of the time but will seize opportunities to capture prey at any time, even if they are gorged. Prides in woodland habitat with plenty of cover hunt during the day more often.

Answer 8

Plains and savanna habitat where large herbivores are around. Some live in denser woodland.

Answer 9

Leopards are an ambush and stalking predator. Leopards sneak up on prey and pounce before its prey can react. Sneaks to within 16-66 feet from its prey before it pounces, preferably 16 feet Leopards seldomly chase if it misses and if it does, for no more than 165 feet. Even though its estimated top speed is 37 mph. Leopards aren't often successful hunting during the day, missing 61 out of 64 attempts in one Serengeti study. May sometimes hunt cooperatively in pairs but it's uncommon except with their young.

Answer 10

_Nocturnal_ Spend days and part of nights inactive, usually lounges in a tree or in dense thicket. ½ hour before dark, they start moving up to a couple of hours after dawn. May rarely rest in the same place 2 nights in a row.

Answer 11

* Alarm Grunts * Flight * Concealment * Distress Sequeals * Threat Grunts * Threats and Actual Attack (Including Mobbing) Leopards and hyenas are their most important predators.

Answer 12

* Trotting with tail vertical * Alarm grunt * Distress squeal * Growl Grunt * Woomph Call * Mock and Real attack * Flight to underground refuge and defense of.

Answer 13

_Mostly Nocturnal_ Less nocturnal when protected.

Answer 14

Occurs throughout Africa where ever there is sufficient cover for concealment. Ranges in Montane Forests

Answer 15

Plains and acacia savannas. Favor plains covered by colonial grasses that regrow rapidly

Answer 16

Plains antelope but enters open woodland more readily than Wildebeest and topi. Found on the edge more often than the plains.

Answer 17

Eats grasses at night. Short grasses are preferred over longer, coarser grassland.

Answer 18

Feed at night on land and rest and digest during the day in the water. Begin to commute to inland pastures shortly before dark along branching paths. Return to water before dawn walking 3-5 kms

Answer 19

Requires water deep enough to submerge in and nearby grassland. A gently sloping firm bottom is preferred and rapids are avoided.

Answer 20

eats a variety of small to medium sized mammals. Will consume protein in almost any form, from beetles to antelope twice its own weight. Readily eats carrion and caches sizable kills in trees. Medium sized antelopes and young, large ones most common. Also eats smaller carnivores such as birds, reptiles, small mammals, baboons.

Answer 21

* Powerful alarm snorts * Stamping * Bunching together * Alert Posture * Style-Trot Usually the preferred prey of lions and spotted hyenas. Wildebeest mothers defend their calves with considerable success including against lone hunting hyena.

Answer 22

Grassland, savanna, and arid biomes. Wherever trees, water, and cliffs occur. Availability of water and secure sleeping sites in trees and cliffs.

Answer 23

**_Diurnal_** Usually becomes active well after dawn.

Answer 24

Use almost all accessible edible plants supplemented with animal foods. Grasses, flowers, fruit, seeds, buds, leaves, shoots, twigs, bark, sap, roots, tubers, bulbs, aquatic plants, mushrooms, lichens. Grasshoppers, Spiders, Scorpions, Others. Vertebrates are rarely sought but readily taken.

Answer 25

Vulnerable to more predators than any other African Primate. Two largest eagles, leopards, and serval, lions, and cheetahs are the most dangerous. Use different alarm calls fro ground and air predators and for snakes. Rarely leave more than a few 100 meters from cover\trees. Respond to other animals alarm calls too.

Answer 26

**_Omnivore_** Opportunistic omnivore. Fruits, seeds, seedpods, leaves, buds, sap, flowers, various herbs, grasses, invertebrates, occasionally vertebrates.

Answer 27

Savanna adapted to almost all wooded habitats outside of rain forests. Cannot afford to venture far from trees. They are also more dependent on trees for food. Edge species usually associated with riverine vegetation, savanna, fever trees.

Answer 28

* Alarm Calls * Threat Displays * Mobbing * Hiding Little predation other than man, though crowned hawk eagles elicit intense alarm calls.

Answer 29

Typically Spend ⅓ day eating, ⅓ resting. 16.5% of their days is spent moving, 6% grooming, and 6% other. Ranges may be 4-10 ha. Moved most from 7-8 am and 5-6 pm. Least active from 1-2 pm. Rain inhibits movement. Extensive grooming after rain. Sleeps in trees.

Answer 30

Omnivore More folivorous than most. Fruits and leaves. Invertebrates and flowers, seeds, nectar, galls, and unidentified plant balance. Each month they focus on 1-2 specific foods. Foliage most common from March to May.

Answer 31

May drink from the tree hole after it rains but is water independent.

Answer 32

Various evergreen forests, including rain forest, montane forest, coastal mangrove forest, southern savanna wherever there are patches of forest. Highly arboreal frequenting the middle zone at 39-66 feet in primary forest and is intolerant of strong sunlight.

Answer 33

Spends several hours in a fruiting tree. They keep returning as long as ripe fruit lasts. Ficus trees. Diospyrus acacia are mainstays. Doesn't pursue interests.

Answer 34

* Alarm Calls Little reason to fear arboreal predators like Genets, Palm Civets, and any anything other than the largest bird of prey. Slow movements while foraging and concealment avoid attracting predators. They are, however, vulnerable while they are on the ground.

Answer 35

**_Nocturnal_** Wake at twilight, departs sleeping place for individual foraging. Peak activity and calling early and late at night, returning to sleeping site before dawn.

Answer 36

Mainly eats fruits and gums supplemented by * nectar * seeds * insects * fruit * flower secretions * seeds * insects

Answer 37

Largely confined to dense evergreen forest and riparian bush. Can live in many man-made habitats. Available fruit is the main limiting factor in distribution. Some overlap with lesser bush babies. Greater bush babies usually live in denser, wetter habitats. Average densities are 72/km2 in lowveld riparian bush and savanna and up to 110/km2 in mixed woodland.

Answer 38

Vulnerable to almost all aviary and arboreal predators. They rely on concealment during the day and agility and jumping at night. Easily captured on the ground. Alarm calls, mobbing, and maternal transport of young.

Answer 39

Insects are caught by leaping and grabbing them often as they take flight. Prey is always taken by hand and not by mouth Once it catches its prey it bites their head to kill it.

Answer 40

Nocturnal Peak activity occurs in the first two hours of the night. Secondary peak is in the hour before dawn. Weather has little effect on activity. Move around even during heavy rain and thunderstorms. On an average night they may travel 2 km and visit up to 500 different trees. in primary forest they are extremely reluctant and seldomly need to descend to the ground. In open country with scattered trees and bushes they are more likely to cross the ground.

Answer 41

Nesting In nests or on branches 13-20 feet off the ground in dense vegetation such as bush acacia. 52% in nests, 40% huddled in branches and 6% in hollows. Nests are platforms constructed of broad soft fresh leaves. Size relative to the number of occupants.

Answer 42

Wherever there are rocky cliffs, boulder screes, or rock outcrops with cavities sufficient enough to shelter colonies. Must have some tree or bush cover with multiple cavities too small for most predators, facing away from prevailing winds within a few kms of another cliff.

Answer 43

* Alert Posture * Alarm Snorting * Flight Intention Movement * Flight & Height Jumping Unusually alert and quick to take flight if they can't identify something, moves their head up and down and sideways. Impala are a staple prey for most predators and martial eagles can carry off fawns.

Answer 44

Found in all types of wooded habitat outside of main forest blocks. Peak abundance in savanna habitat, especially acacia savanna and Miombo Woodland. Perfectly at home in thorny thickets where few others venture. Mainly on tree gum.

Answer 45

Survives mainly on tree gum and various insects, acacia gum and arthropods. No interest in vegetation or small vertebrates. At least in the wild, they've never been seen drinking water but will in captivity.

Answer 46

Water-Independent

Answer 47

Dive to hunt and prefer things easier to grasp. Frogs versus fish they ate while treading water. When pursuing fish they choose the first one to break rank. Average duration of dives is 18 seconds. Typical variation is 14-24 seconds. Almost all prey is caught with their hands and they can eat with it's head underwater, but usually tilts head back while eating After hunting, cleans it's face and feet in the water in an elaborate ritual

Answer 48

* Male sentry duty * Alert Stance * Fixed Stare * Stamping * Alarm-Whistling (Most often male and female in synchrony) * Bounding Flight * Jumping in Place Usually a single alarm call and flight for 30-50 meters to a higher place.

Answer 49

Closely corresponds to the area of Mozambique coastal plain and the valleys of nearby major rivers. Distribution is spotty but Kruger National Park is one of the best places to find them in the world. Low-Lying densely wooded habitats generally near water. Overlap with Kudu, Common and Red Duiker, Bushpig, and Bushbuck.

Answer 50

Day or Night More active in the late afternoon and early evening, sometimes early morning active all night until 7 am with a peak at 8-10 pm. (Coastal Otter) Occasionally they come out even on the hottest of days.

Answer 51

Fish are a small portion. Other prey includes insects, snakes, waterbirds, and mollusks.

Answer 52

Small and large streams, lakes, ponds and swamps. Is frequently absent from large river including parts of the Limpompo. Less aquatic.

Answer 53

Water Dependent Needs to drink daily to every other day during the dry season

Answer 54

Prefer colonial grasses that regrow rapidly.

Answer 55

Active night and during the day. Move to daytime pastures and water during the heat of the day when predators are least active.

Answer 56

Few reports of predation, though only calves are vulnerable to hyenas and lions. When alarmed, companions press their hindquarters together and face opposite directions.

Answer 57

Good habitat includes trees, ample water, and open grassland.

Answer 58

Water Dependent Often drinks twice daily but can go 2-4 days without drinking if water is distant.

Answer 59

Pure grazer. Lips are flat to help it eat short green grass more efficiently.

Answer 60

* Alert Posture * Snorting * Stotting * Trotting * Running into Cover * Lying out * Self-Defense in Males only

Answer 61

Limited to grassland within a few km from water. Requires cover, open grassland, and water. Distribution along drainage lines and valleys Frequents woodland in the wet season.

Answer 62

Only pig adapted for grazing and savanna habitats. Avoids forest and dense undergrowth.

Answer 63

Quarters at a trot, nose to the ground with sudden stops to poke its nose into litter or dung for insect prey. Sense of smell and sight well developed with primary importance on smelling. Makes no attempt to catch flying prey. Prey is usually stalked then grabbed with mouth or forefeet, then bitten in the head or neck. Very large rats were killed with a throat bite. Rarely rolls and bites Attacks snakes like mongoose do. Bites and retreats then eventually bites and shakes vigorously.

Answer 64

**_Strictly Nocturnal_** Rarely seen before 10pm and retires before dawn. One of the more strictly nocturnal carnivores.

Answer 65

Savanna and arid zones. Absent forest. Scarce but dense woodland and savanna with thick cover and can subsist in coastal sand dunes. Most common on relatively open rangeland where ungulates keep grass short.

Answer 66

Water Independent Can subsist on water derived from food. But they will drink water sparingly.

Answer 67

Carnivorous All kinds of small vertebrates. Small hares, mostly hunts insects, rats, and ,mice. Will hunt lizards, snakes, scorpions, dung beetles, grubs, grasshoppers, crickets. Refused toads, snails, slugs, millipedes, and stinkbugs. Will not eat fruit.

Answer 68

Southern Savanna, often seen in open savanna but probably more common in closed habitats with more rainfall. Probably only common where rodent populations are perennially dense. Good grass cover that aren't burned every year.

Answer 69

Carnivorous Relies on scent, could pass within 5cm of a mouse and not see it. Once it finds one, it darts to catch it, preferably by the neck then rolls repeatedly. All food is carried to den before eaten and extra food is hoarded. Can eat 3-4 rats in a single night.

Answer 70

**_Nocturnal_** Sometimes seen sunning or moving early or late. Usually emerges 2 hours after sunset. Usually returned to nests before sunrise.

Answer 71

Specialized predator on mice and rats. Natural diet is largely unknown, seems they're pretty carnivorous but aren't likely to kill anything larger than a rat. Might eat some birds or take eggs. Will not Accept: * Eggs * Toads * Lizards * Fruits

Answer 72

Runs their prey down to exhaustion with superior endurance, they can maintain a pace of 35 mph for several kilometers. Can maintain 48 km / hr pace for 5 km. Most prey is overtaken within 1.5 to 3 km. 1 dog runs in the lead and the rest of the pack streams behind it. Weak and young may straggle 1 km or more behind. Once prey is caught they knock it down and disembowel it. It takes them longer to take down and kill prey because they are smaller. They begin to eat prey alive less than one minute after it falls. It may take more than 5 minutes to take down Specifically choose weak, sick prey when they are larger. Pack may mob hyena who stole their kill to steal it back.

Answer 73

**_Diurnal_** Pack moves an average of 10 km a day. They can move up to 40 km a day.

Answer 74

Carnivore Specialized as a pack hunter of medium sized antelopes. Impala, reedbuck, kob, lechwe, and springbok. Hares, fawns, zebra are sometimes taken too. Tend to choose a few of the commonest antelopes within 14-45 km range. In Kruger National Park, impalas are 87% of kills. Rarely eats carrion. Rarely returns to kills or caches them.

Answer 75

Savanna and arid zones. Avoids forest but ranges through dense scrub, woodland, and montane habitats wherever suitable prey occurs.

Answer 76

More sluggish, nocturnal, omnivorous and less predatory. Not often seen during the day. Foraging animals move at a walk or slow trot. Digs up worms, millepedes, crickets, pounced on grasshoppers and winged termites and dashed at small birds, rodents and safari ants. Doesn't run or chase down prey. Ate all kinds of frozen fruit. Almost always took its food to cover before eating May trail other predators when they go hunting.

Answer 77

Not fully understood Definitely night active but also seen during the day.

Answer 78

**_Omnivorous_** Wild fruits, small mammals--mice rats and hare. insects-grasshopper, beetles, and termites.

Answer 79

Almost as effective hunting solo as in pairs. Sometimes hunts in packs and kills much larger prey. May behave strangely to bring prey close enough to grab.

Answer 80

Omnivorous Diet is determined by the type of habitat and what kinds of food are there, not preference. * Beetles * Grasshoppers * Crickets * Termites * Spiders * Millipedes * Scorpions * Rodents * hares * Concealed Young Antelopes * Carrion * Lizards * Snakes * Various Fruits and Berries

Answer 81

Lions hunting cooperatively are often successful. Single lions can still bring down prey 2x its size. Max speeds of 30-37 mph. Which they can maintain for only about 330 feet. Experienced Lions rarely charge unless they are within 100 feet or less of their quarry or facing away. To get close enough lions rely on stalking using cover and even using moving vehicles to cover approach. ambushes happen most often during the day and usually at water holes. During group hunts, males will usually linger behind and rarely participate. Will often circle prey, sometimes openly while a couple hide as others choke off the preys escape routes.

Answer 82

**_Forest Furgivore_** Will eat fruits, leaves, shoots, herbs, flowers, animal matter and fungi. Animal matter is mostly ants and other insects.

Answer 83

Probably gets enough water from food and rarely needs to drink but they're occasionally seen licking rainwater off foliage.

Answer 84

* Puffing Snorts * Distress Squealing * Mock and Real Charges with Stabbing * Flight with Tail Raised May defend and even kill to protect calves. Chirring oxpeckers sometimes provides advanced warning.

Answer 85

Most active in the early and late day. Least active midday. They move and eat at night but also sleep.

Answer 86

**_Semi Water Dependent_** Can go 4-5 days without drinking by eating succulents and may travel 8-25 km / day to water.

Answer 87

Nearly a pure browser with a marked preference for legumous herbs and shrubs. Eats over 200 plants in more than 50 families.

Answer 88

Deliberately mimics the striped hyena. Threat Display Not very fast, but is very agile.

Answer 89

Walks quietly across grassland at 1 km / hour at a 3-4 km/ hour pace with abrupt changes in direction Locates termites primarily by hearing. Stops hunting the moment it starts raining.

Answer 90

Discontinuous Grassland and tree savanna. Absent from miombo woodland zone.

Answer 91

Very specialized carnivore. Dines almost exclusively on harvester termites. They (termites) leave their mounds at night by the 1000's. Will eat other termite species. A few reliable reports of them eating small rodents, eggs, birds, carrion, and baby tortoises.

Answer 92

**_Nocturnal_** Might emerge 1.5 hours before sunset in very cold weather. Occasionally sun themselves in the den entrance.

Answer 93

Rely mainly on ears and noses, secondarily on eyes to locate food. When eating harvester termites, keeps head low and licks them. Pursuing grasshoppers and winged termites they leap like an acrobat. For lizards, birds, gerbils, and rodents they hunt with a quick dash. Great diggers. Use ears to locate larvae and other sub-terranean invertebrates and dig them up effectively. A searching fox will move erratically, its head turning from side to side with ears cocked. It stops, moves its ears back and forth. It'll stand with ears cupped just above the spot then it will start digging, making a narrow trench. Foraging is an individual activity and they don't share food except with inexperienced cubs. Attempts to approach a digging / eating animal is met with growls and flattened ears. Hunt separately but will keep the same direction and pace.

Answer 94

Small carnivore is vulnerable to predators as small as eagles and jackals, even adults. They rely not only on speed but also dodging ability, earning it the nickname the turning jackal. Flicks its tail and changes direction without losing speed. They run in zigzags from flying predators.

Answer 95

Primarily Nocturnal 85% Night, 15% Day Start leaving their holes and thickets between 430-5 pm. Then they lie in the open until night after socializing the pair or family begin foraging. They feed until midnight then they break. They forage more and return to den at dawn. Mainly active during the day when it's cold.

Answer 96

**_Mainly Nocturnal_** May be active at twilight and also by day.

Answer 97

Rock Hyrax, Mountain Reedbuck, Springbok, Steenbok, Gray Duiker, Hares, Rabbits, Springhares, Small Rodents, Cape Gray Mongooses, Birds & Reptiles.

Answer 98

Arid zones and dry savannas. Equally at home on the plains, rocky hills and mountains. most probably live in arid bush country. May venture into open grassland at night to hunt but seem to need woods for cover. Avoids dense evergreen forest.

Answer 99

Behaves very fearfully when they encounter spotted hyena-immediately crouching and ducking into cover and waiting. If a hyena comes close, cat flees with tail raised in leaps and bounds. Without tall grasses, would be highly vulnerable to hyenas and wild dogs.

Answer 100

Locate and stalk a rat concealed in the grass. Serval leaps into air and comes down with both front feet on prey. Usually move on after a miss. Can juimp high and far and can change direction at full speed. Can catch birds mid-flight. Also reach deep into holes to catch mole rats and hole-nesting birds Readily enter water to catch wading birds and water fowl. May play with its food for up to 10 minutes, throwing it 6 feet in the air. May eat in the open or carry it to a concealed spot. Slightly more efficient at hunting at night than during the day.

Answer 101

More diurnal than most cats Very active early morning until 10-11 am and again after 4-5 pm On cool overcast days they're active even longer. Also active 10-11 pm and 4-5 am. During the heat of the day they doze and groom themselves in the shade of a bush or grass clump.

Answer 102

Catching mice, rats, rodents, birds, that live in tall grass. Grass rats, mole rats, birds up to the size of flamingos and storks, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish, insects.

Answer 103

All kinds of african savanna where grass grows, especially along edges of gallery forest, marshland and montane grassland and forest glades, usually near water. Also found in or near abandoned cultivation.

Answer 104

**_Nocturnal_**

Answer 105

Very similar to a common housecat They eat rodents, small birds, lizards, snakes, frogs, beetles, grasshoppers, winged termites, centipedes, spiders, springhares, Africans hares.

Answer 106

Pan-African outside the lowland rain forest and the savanna Can be found almost everywhere rats and mice are present including villages and towns. Treeless open grassland relying on holes dug by other animals.

Answer 107

Savanna and arid zones Harder to get within sprinting range on plains with no cover, ideal habitat includes cover in the form of bushes, medium grasses, trees and broken ground.

Answer 108

Dominates woodlands in more humid regions, miombo woodland zone, forest savanna, also bush, grassland and marshes with good ground cover.

Answer 109

Grazes in the wet season, in dry, specializes in underground rhizomes of perineal grasses and sedges, bulbs, and tubers.

Answer 110

**_Diurnal_** Females and young go underground before dark. Warthogs emerge later on cold or rainy days. Early mornings and late afternoon feeding peaks.

Answer 111

**_Strictly Diurnal_** Activity Peaks at 6-8 am and 4-6 pm. Usually resting (in a Gabon study) from 9 am - 2 pm Lie in the open or at the base of a tree 40% of the time

Answer 112

Steep rocky terrain where it can find refuge from predators and adequate food supply Inselbergs, open screes of loose rock, a cinder cone, recent lava flows Most abundant in mountain ranges deeply dissected plains, steep cliffs.

Answer 113

Grazers ventures up to 60 m to reach a pasture. They eat rapidly and spend less than an hour a day feeding. They feed in the morning and afternoon. Eats foliage and may browse if grass is scarce or unpalatable

Answer 114

**_Diurnal_** Most active in the morning and afternoon. Stops feeding in the rain and will feed during moonlit nights. Males often stand guard on the nearest elevation. If he or a bird sounds an alarm, all will retreat for the rocks. They bask around sunrise and feed from 730-930 am and 330-630 pm

Answer 115

**_Active Day and Night_** Active almost exclusively at night where they're heavily hunted. Daytime activity peaks early and late and may extend on overcast and cool days

Answer 116

Lots of fruits and seeds flowers, herbs, foliage, shrubs, bushes, grass, vegetables. Sometimes eats tree resin, lizards, ants, birds and mice

Answer 117

**_Water Independent_**

Answer 118

**_Active Day and Night_** Feeding peaks in ,morning and mid-afternoon, early and late afternoon. Spends more time feeding in the shade during the hottest hours. The better quality food available, the more time they'll spend eating

Answer 119

Must be very adaptable in its diet. Maybe lush rich evergreen shrubs, succulents such as aloe, sansevieria, euphorbias, forbs. Leaves, fruits, berries, seed pods, flowers, herbs and new green grass, feeds on recent burns

Answer 120

**_Water Independent_**

Answer 121

**_Active Days and Nights_** feeds on lawns at night. Usually have early morning and late afternoon activity peaks. They may move around feeding all day on cool and overcast days.

Answer 122

**_Water Dependent_** Considered to be relatively water dependent

Answer 123

**_Water Dependent_** Cannot survive more than a few days without drinking water late in the dry season.

Answer 124

**_Nocturnal_** While daytime activity has been studied, nighttime activity is most common. Activity extends 1-2 hours before and after dark. Rests in tall grass and shade from trees

Answer 125

**_Water Dependent_** One of the most water dependent of all the antelopes.

Answer 126

Wide variety of grasses, preferably short to medium length. When grasses are low, will eat other herbage and browse such as dicots.

Answer 127

**_Variable_** Peak feeding times around dawn and dusk. Activity varies according to season and latitude. Usually walks less than 1km a day except to reach water

Answer 128

* Group Defense * Threat Displays * Demonstration and Real Charges Group defense against all predators including humans. Bull herds rarely make real charges. Rocking motion is often the only warning

Answer 129

* Concealment (Standing Still) * Flight (Including high bounds) * Alarm bark

Answer 130

Once close enough, must catch and overpower prey without getting hurt. impala or reedbuck brought down with slap on haunches, tripped or grabbed with both paws and then quickly killed with a bite to the throat. Larger game is tackled from sides and pulled backwards. Once prey is down, lions lunge for the throat and maintain grip until movement stops for up to 13 minutes. Stranglehold on prey protects lions from hooves and horns.

Answer 131

**_Diurnal_** Minimal activity between midnight and dawn. In hot spring and summer, they stay in cover between 10am and 2pm, standing motionless beside a tree Usually drinks water sometime before 1pm

Answer 132

When they stumble upon prey or flush it from hiding they lunge suddenly. If they miss, they may “continue restless quartering” But will more often lie tense on the ground or stand immobile before running and grabbing the prey Attacks snakes from the rear and retreats before snake retaliates. Digs out crocodile eggs. To catch birds which would normally be invulnerable (not ground nesters) they'll act bizarrely such as chasing their tails. This seems to lure birds closer by making them curious. This behavior can also activate birds scolding or mobbing response which could bring them within striking distance. May prefer to eat in dense shrubbery Also willing to scavenge and eat carrion.

Answer 133

**_Varied_** * Insects * Freshwater Crabs * Crayfish * Invertebrates * Small Vertebrates * Rodents * Lizards * Birds * Frogs * Fish

Answer 134

Absent from deserts. Frequents dense vegetation such as riverine forest, reedbeds and thickets bordering rivers, lakes, and ponds.

Answer 135

**_Diurnal_** But usually only seen fleetingly in openings in dense undergrowth. Hunts most actively in the early morning and late afternoon. Withdrew into shrubbery when temperature went above 79 F or below 51 F Often comes into the sun after storms. They travel established routes like roads.

Answer 136

1. Concealment 2. Bristling 3. Lunging 4. Backing Attack 5. Cackling 6. Screaming 7. Hissing 8. Spitting Active defense by all family members including the father. If surprised and caught in the open, may try to escape notice by lying prone.

Answer 137

Widespread over most sub-Saharan Africa except high forest, mountains over 2,500 meters and the driest parts of South Africa. Habitats range from desert to savanna.

Answer 138

**Strictly Nocturnal** emerge from dens about 25 minutes after sunset. Return to ground before dawn. More commonly out on overcast and moonless nights than on full moons. Continue hunting in the rain and brief thunderstorms.

Answer 139

If disturbed while hunting, they initially freeze. They may stand tall to assess danger and then they run for cover. They're fast but if they are overtaken they will show a threat display with their hair erected and tail raised. Growls, grunts, and barks. Will discharge a foul-smelling anal sac. Adults forage unconcerned near hyenas. Wild Dogs have successfully hunted them.

Answer 140

Sometimes takes small vertebrates, but mostly eats large insects and other invertebrates. May eat termites. Dung Beetles are another favorite. Sometimes leaps and snaps at dung beetles, rarely captures flying insects. Might stalk and pounce or dig for food. Occasionally kills and eats poisonous snakes.

Answer 141

1. Defensive Threats 2. Bristling 3. Wide-Mouthed Threat (Also seen in play) 4. Mock Attack 5. Alarm Call 6. Growling Fears eagles but very little fear of snakes. Has been known to fight snakes that are known predators.

Answer 142

Rumored to swim almost as well as otters. Forages like a raccoon; wading and grouping in shallow muddy water. Hurl mussels and clams down against rocks from a standing position.

Answer 143

1. Snails 2. Freshwater Crabs 3. Mussels 4. Frogs 5. Aquatic Insects 6. Fish 7. Marsh Birds 8. Eggs 9. Reptiles 10. Worms 11. Crocodile Eggs

Answer 144

Common near water and cover including papyrus and mangrove swamps. Strictly terrestrial.

Answer 145

**_Nocturnal_** Marsh mongoose are nocturnal but they are seen during the day fairly often.

Answer 146

Has been known to bite dogs in the throat and nearly drown them. When cornered and terrified, it urinates and exudes an anal-gland secretion. It tries to curl into a ball and turn around and around. Escapes danger by taking to water, swims away, dives, or hides with just its nose out of water.

Answer 147

1. Low Sit and High Sit Alert Posture 2. Hair Sleeked 3. Alarm Chirping 4. Rushing to Cover 5. Mobbing Attack Mobbing is so impressive, even predators as formidable as servals and large dogs may be intimidated. Been known to mob harmless animals such as bushbuck and geese. Combination of close clustering and writhing while advancing and rearing heads while growling, churring, snapping, splitting. Young are kept at the center of the cluster.

Answer 148

Emerges from den about an hour after dawn. Then they gather in groups and feed for 2-3 hours and then rest. On hot days they will seek shade in a thicket, gulley, may rest until 4pm. Rain may delay leaving the den.

Answer 149

Follows a zig-zag course in open savanna. May cover up to 10 km / day. Juveniles play more and forage less. Continuous churrs, chirps, and twitters are made while foraging. Each mongoose resists attempts to share valuable resources such as an ant nest or large beetle. Jumping angrily and growling, angry squeals.

Answer 150

1. Beetles 2. Larvae 3. Millipedes 4. Earwigs 5. Ants 6. Crickets 7. Termites 8. Spiders 9. Mice 10. Toads 11. Nesting Birds 12. Eggs 13. Lizards 14. Snakes

Answer 151

**_Water Independent_** Drinks irregularly and sparingly by lapping or licking wetted forepaws

Answer 152

Wooded savanna and termite mounds are usually nearby, but sometimes distant from water. Avoids forests but likes undergrowth and rarely ventures far into open country.

Answer 153

Found above Letaba River in Kruger. Prefers Mopane Shrubveld and can be found in the grasslands in the east arid-zone. Open grassland, likes short grass, light acacia woodland and overgrazed rangeland. Extensive bare ground. Sandy soils. Almost same range as harvester termites.

Answer 154

1. Primarily an Insectivore 2. Harvester Termites 3. Beetles 4. Grasshoppers 5. Scorpions 6. Rodents 7. Lizards 8. Small Snails 9. Spiders 10. Millipedes Late in the rains, insects are most common with fruits. when the dry season starts, mice become the dominant food. May also eat eggs.

Answer 155

Wooded habitats from lowland forest to 4,000 meters. In montane forest Agricultural Pests Almost any kind of habitat that affords concealment and food including marshes and swamps.

Answer 156

Cheetah must overtake prey in less than 300m When actively hunting, walks alertly utilizing termite mounds and trees with low branches as vantage points to spot prey. Sprinting range is within 50 meters. Once in range, prey flight often triggers the chase and prey is sometimes ignored when it doesn't run. May unbalance prey running fast. Prey usually dies within 4 ½ minutes. Once prey is dead, cheetah drags it to nearby cover. Once it eats about 14kg in one sitting, then it may not eat again for 2-5 days. A cheetah with cubs hunts much more frequently. Does not usually return to kills once they leave.

Answer 157

**_Diurnal_** The most diurnal cat. Do almost all of their hunting during the day but does rest during the hottest hours. Rarely, they'll engage in short chases by moonlight.

Answer 158

Specialized to prey on the fleetest antelopes. In bush and savanna woodlands, impala are their main prey, making up 68% of their kills in Kruger. Miombo woodland zone: bush duiker, reedbuck, sable, roan, warthog. (Babies I imagine) Rarely kills any animal larger than them.

Answer 159

Young are born early in the rains Active exploration by the kittens outside the hole happens only after the 3rd week.

Answer 160

**_Omnivorous_** 1. vegetables 2. fruits 3. insects 4. invertebrates 5. vertebrates up to the size of newborn antelope 6. readily eats carrion

Answer 161

Can usually be found where there is adequate cover, usually close to the water. Excellent Climbers Uses Pathways, especially roads.

Answer 162

**_Nocturnal_** Shelter by day in holes or in dense undergrowth. Rarely seen in daylight

Answer 163

**_Omnivorous_** 1. lizards 2. rodents 3. ground-nesting birds 4. tortoises 5. large insects

Answer 164

Virtually all african forests and woodlands have at least 1 species of duiker Dense cover often in recesses beneath logs or among roots.

Answer 165

**_Frugivore_** specializes in fallen fruit including fruit too large or hard for primates can also eat: 1. bark 2. roots 3. stripped foliage 4. flowers 5. rotting wood 6. fungi 7. insects 8. ants 9. sometimes birds

Answer 166

1. low sit and high sit alert attitudes 2. alerting 3. alarm calls 4. defense of young 5. flight to cover 6. warning signals of associated birds do not employ a bunching strategy when a pack is in danger in the open too small to bluff most predators. they run and hide cooperate to defend young.

Answer 167

Uncovers concealed invertebrates and does not stalk prey but will pursue moving prey then bite and pin with its forepaws. Prey that defends itself is pounced on. Then head bite and death shakes.

Answer 168

Influenced by the weather. Dwarf Mongooses forage and maintain vocal communications

Answer 169

**_Omnivorous_** 1. adult and laval beetles 2. termites 3. crickets 4. grasshoppers 5. spiders 6. scorpions 7. some small vertebrates 8. lizards 9. snakes 10. rodents 11. birds 12. fruits 13. vegetables

Answer 170

**_Water Independent_** Will drink but is water independent and inhabits waterless areas.

Answer 171

Savanna Habitat with numerous termite mounds for refuge forages around logs and trees and in grass

Answer 172

Very adaptable. Subdesert, acacia, savanna, miombo woodland, floodplain, mountains up to 4,600 meters.

Answer 173

Found everywhere in Kruger Very adaptable. Needs cover for concealment. Greatest abundance in savanna and woodland often in suburbs or outskirts of town

Answer 174

1. alarm snorts 2. stamping 3. skulking 4. lying out 5. running 6. distress bleats 7. attack females will attack baboons and pythons that attack their babies.

Answer 175

1. rodents 2. bats 3. bush babies 4. chicken sized birds 5. grasshoppers 6. beetles 7. spiders 8. scorpions 9. fruits

Answer 176

Bush and thicket habitat. Can survive in setlled country deciduous woodland, riverine, hillside base

Answer 177

Nearly a pure browser 1. leaves of herbs 2. fallen fruits 3. vines 4. succulents 5. tubers 6. flowers 7. some new grass

Answer 178

**_Water Independent_** Drinks in dry season

Answer 179

**_Nocturnal_** often emerges to feed only at night about half of all foraging is done at night.

Answer 180

Selectively grazes on leafy perineal grasses. They have a particular association with medium grasslands dominated by red-oat grasses and scrub acacia such as whistling thorn. Short and well drained pasture in wet season and long in dry season.

Answer 181

Drinks regularly where water is available.

Answer 182

Main activity peaks are early and late in the morning and evening.

Answer 183

1. alert posture 2. snorting 3. stamping 4. style trotting 5. stotting

Answer 184

1. grasses 2. herbs 3. shoots 4. leaves

Answer 185

Water Independent Can meet water needs by browsing

Answer 186

**_Diurnal_** in wet season, spends about equal time foraging and resting activity peak in the late afternoon spent more time foraging in the winter dry season

Answer 187

1. alert posture 2. restless walking 3. snorting 4. stamping 5. stotting Large predators are absent in most places rheboks occur flight distance is 150-200 meters/500-650 feet

Answer 188

eastern transvaal in Kruger wooded savanna, less woodland more grassland / tree savanna tolerates taller grass and higher elevations.

Answer 189

1. alert posture 2. snorting 3. style trotting Leopards may be the primary predator and take a fair number of calves low density of predators in the miombo biome

Answer 190

Miombo woodland zone prefers a mosaic arrangement of woodland and grassland woods must be open enough to support and understory of grasses.

Answer 191

1. forbs 2. foliage termite mounds support many of their favorite plans and they frequent them as salt licks.

Answer 192

**_Water Dependent_** visit water holes regularly even in the wet season

Answer 193

activity peaks around dawn and dusk often visits watering holes midday will lie down on cool dewy mornings.

Answer 194

efficient killer of small vertebrates such as 1. rodents 2. lziards 3. snakes 4. birds 5. termintes 6. crickets 7. rarely eats fruit

Answer 195

found almost everywhere there is cover except the desert sleeps in termite mounds, rock piles, crevices, holes in the ground and tree bases.

Answer 196

**_Diurnal_** often seen darting across roads. may spend lunch time sunning and resting may remain covered on cool, rainy days

Answer 197

pouncing on or chasing small invertebrates may kill with a single bite to the head. there was no killing shake observed though already dead prey may be thrown. retires to a safe place to eat prey and eats prey from the head down.

Answer 198

Birds and small mammals such as hyraxes, dwarf mongoose, squirrels react with alarm calls. small birds mob and scold them dwarf and banded mongoose may attack if a slender mongoose comes too close to a pack with young.

Answer 199

Carnivorous rarely eats fruits or vegetables. diet is mostly vertebrates, especially ungulates. eats virtually everything except the contents of the rumen and horns Will eat rotting animals dead for months if food is lean to support cubs.

Answer 200

Can be found in most habitats except rainforest

Answer 201

first 2 nightly activity peaks start from an hour before dark until 8pm. A second peak can last until about 2 hours after dawn.

Answer 202

Scavenges what it can and hunts the easiest prey available. even a lone hyena is capable of running down healthy prey the size of a wildebeest. they rely mainly on sight and smell. they will make their prey run by loping towards a heard. when the herd scatters they will locate the stragglers to hunt. most prey that relies on running as a defense can outrun a hyena but they often don't run at full speed early, failing to account for hyenas endurance. the animal then runs to exhaustion in 1.5-5 km. once prey is stopped, they bite legs, belly, and tail. there isn't a specialized killing bite. prey is usually disemboweled and dies in under 5 minutes. the more hyenas hunting the faster the death is. most cooperative hunts are spontaneous with one hyena starting and others nearby joining in. but they also deliberately stage pack hunts. groups are needed for zebras and they will pass other prey until they find what they want. hyenas compete for food even when its caught cooperatively.

Answer 203

1. close concealment 2. dodging run 3. alarm snorts places primary reliance on concealment. lying prone until discovery is imminent then runs for more cover to hide. changes direction quickly and has a lot of stamina

Answer 204

depends on cover for safety but is still often found in grassland dotted with bushes and light woodland. benefits from the destruction of woodland, regenerating vegetation is ideal cover and browse. associated with transitional and unstable conditions.

Answer 205

Insectivorous 1. harvester termites 2. beetles 3. insects 4. grasshoppers 5. mice 6. lizards 7. snakes 8. fruit in the winter when insects are scarce

Answer 206

weather conditions--temperature especially--greatly affect daily activity cycles. in summer they may emerge at 6am, on cold mornings at 630-7am spend the hottest hours of the day inside or lying on loose sand. they sunbathe for about an hour a day. foraging starts around 9am and they dig holes for beetle larvae in April and May

Answer 207

Southern Africa in open sandy terrain on a variety of sandy soils including acacia scrub woodland, savanna, parkland, and floodplains.