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Module 5 Week 2 > Carnivore Internal Genitalia > Flashcards

Carnivore Internal Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Carnivore testis
-functions
-found where
-contained within
-size

A

Sits outside body cavity

• Endocrine & exocrine functions
->Production of gametes (optimal below body temperature)
• Contained within vaginal tunic
• Relatively small compared to farm animals

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2
Q

Testis: capsule

A

-Outer capsule also called Tunica albiguniea
-CT with small amount of smooth muscle
-large blood vessels run through it (pattern is species characteristic)

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3
Q

Testis: parenchyma
-what is it
-colour
-bulk made up of…
-what else does it contain

A

Tissue of the testis- contained in capsule under pressure

• Soft, yellow-brown
- bulk made up of Interstitium: comprised of Leydig cells & connective/ vascular frame
- interstitium supports the Seminiferous tubules which are Lobules formed by invaginations of capsule
• Central mediastinum:
- Contains Rete Testis which the seminiferous tubules drain into as well.

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4
Q

Where is sperm produced and how is it ejected

A

Produced in seminiferous tubules- drains into mediastinum into Rete testis. Sperm carried to head of epididymis and ejected during ejaculation from tail of epididymis through prostatic urethra

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5
Q

Epididymis
-3 parts of it
-attachments
-lies in what direction
-what runs through it

A

-head, body, tail
-head & tail firmly attached to testis
-body loosely attached near testicular bursa
-lies along dorsal margin of testis (carnivores) (palpable as a ridge along the testis)
-Efferent ductules combine to form convoluted
epididymal duct which runs through epididymis- exit tail of epididymis to form deferent duct/ vas deferens

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6
Q

What is the order in which sperm travels through epididymis?

A

Head-body-tail

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7
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Allows sperm storage & maturation of sperm

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8
Q

Name the testicular attachments

A

• Proper ligament of testis: attaches tail of epididymis to testis
• Ligament of tail of epididymis: attaches tail to parietal tunic
• Scrotal ligament: attaches parietal tunic to scrotum

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9
Q

Spermatic cord is contained within…

A

Vaginal tunic

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10
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

• Deferent Duct
• Deferent Artery & Vein
- Arise from Prostatic Vessels
• Testicular Artery & Vein
• Lymphatics
- Drain to sublumbar nodes
• Testicular Nerves
- Sympathetic
• Cremaster Muscle

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11
Q

What is the deferent duct/ductus deferens/ vas deferens -describe its physiological structure

A

A duct of the testis; exits tail of epididymis and carries sperm to Prostatic urethra

-initially undulates then straightens up as it runs up the side
-accompanies testicular vessels in spermatic cord & uns through inguinal ring and runs over dorsal bladder neck
-enters prostate & joins urethra

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12
Q

What is different about the vas deferens in the dog

A

There is a slight dilation of ampulla at entry to prostate

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13
Q

Testicular artery

A

• Vessels form bulk of spermatic cord

• Testicular artery
- Branch from abdominal aorta
- Runs to vaginal ring
- becomes Extremely convoluted as it runs distally
- Cranial & caudal epididymal branches

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14
Q

Testicular vein
-Starts as…
-what is its function

A

Starts as Elaborate complex pampiniform plexus of vessels
- these vessels Wrapped around distal convoluted testicular artery which acts as a Heat exchange mechanism

(Arterial blood comes down to testis; cooled as it passes between the vessels and this helps reduce temp before it reaches testis for sperm production)

-plexus vessels combine to form single vein running to caudal vena cava

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15
Q

Cremaster muscle
-what is it
-origin
-runs along ________ and supported by _______

A

Thermoregulatory mechanism
Thin layer of muscle
-originates from internal abdominal oblique- caudal to deep inguinal ring
-runs along parietal vaginal tunic and supported by spermatic fascia

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16
Q

What is the function of cremaster muscle

A

When it contracts; draws testis closer to body wall which ^ testicular heat

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17
Q

Testicular descent regulated by what?

A

Gubernacuulum of the testis

18
Q

What actually is the gubernaculum of the testis

A

-mesenchymal wall structure that extends from abdominal testis which runs through inguinal canal and into scrotum at the end
-incorporates peritoneum
-forms vaginal tunic

19
Q

What are the three sub layers of gubernaculum

A
  • Pars propria: within visceral layer of vaginal process
  • Pars vaginalis: around parietal layer of vaginal process
  • Pars infravaginalis: distal to invagination
20
Q

What does the swelling of the gubernaculum do?

A

• Swelling of gubernaculum opens inguinal canal & draws testis into scrotum

21
Q

Describe what happens in this image involving the gubernaculum and entrance of the testis into scrotum. (Testicular descent)

A

On anki

22
Q

What is Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of testis to descend into scrotal sac

23
Q

Cryptorchidism-
Testis should be in scrotal sac by what age?
Undescended testes most commonly located in what region?
Unilateral or bilateral?
Can develop what?

A

-2 months
-inguinal canal
-both
-neoplasia- so must be removed

24
Q

What are the internal reproductive organs?

A

• Urethra
• Accessory Reproductive Glands

25
Q

Name the 3 accessory reproductive glands
Cats or dogs have which?

A
  • Ampullary Glands (only dog)
  • Prostate (dogs and cats)
  • Bulbourethral glands (only cats)
26
Q

What is produced in the prostate gland?

A

The bulk of the semen

27
Q

Urethra (male)
-runs from where to where
-what is it

A

• Runs from internal orifice at bladder neck through the pelvis down through penis out to external orifice found at tip of penis
• Mucosal tube with vascular submucosa (comes in to be corpus spongiosum) & outer muscular tunic

28
Q

What are the 2 regions of the urethra

A

• Two regions:
- Pelvic or Internal Urethra (runs through pelvic canal)
- Penile or External Urethra (runs down penis)

29
Q

Pelvic/internal urethra
-initially contained within what
-contains what
-lies in what direction and what does it contain

A

• Initially contained within prostate
• contains Dorsal ridge projecting into lumen called
- Seminal Colliculus

• Caudally lies along pelvic floor with Muscular sleeve: urethralis (striated)
- Contains thin layer of cavernous tissue

  • Widens caudal to prostate
  • Narrows over pelvic outlet
30
Q

What does the seminal colliculus/dorsal ridge contain?

A
  • contains Openings of deferent ducts and Openings of prostatic ducts
31
Q

What does the prostatic duct within seminal colliculus drain?

A

drains secretions from prostate.

32
Q

Role of deferent ducts in seminal colliculus

A

Carry’s sperm into urethra

33
Q

Penile urethra
-runs through what

A

• Runs through penis between cavernous tissues
• Runs through groove of os penis
- Potential obstruction by bladder stones

34
Q

Ampullary glands

A

Found in dog

• Dilation of terminal vas deferens before entering prostrate
- Lies dorsal to bladder
• Lined with glandular tissue
• Produce a small proportion of ejaculate/seminal fluid
• have a Capsule & septa with smooth muscle (very small structure in dog so difficult to find)
- Assist in expulsion of fluid

35
Q

Prostate
-produces what
-2 parts
-where is it found when small and enlarged
-smaller in what animal

A

• Produces bulk of seminal fluid

Two parts:
- Large compact part around proximal urethra (bilobed)
- Vestigial disseminated part within urethral mucosa

• found Within pelvic cavity when small
• May be found within abdominal cavity if enlarged or in entire mature dogs
• Smaller in cats

36
Q

True or false urethra is completely enclosed in prostate in dogs
True or false urethra is completely enclosed in prostate in cats

A

True
False- ventral urethra free

37
Q

Prostate physiological structure

A

Divided into left & right lobes by dorsal groove & internal septum
Smooth capsule containing smooth muscle and contains small ducts which drain into urethra

38
Q

What isProstatic enlargement caused by
Seen with what?
What does this cause?

A

commonly due to hormonal influence
- called Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
• Seen with inflammation, neoplasia & cystic diseas
• May cause compression of rectum (or urethra)

39
Q

What does compression of rectum cause?

A

Constipation

40
Q

What imagine structures can be used to se:
-testis
-urethra
-prostate

A

• Testis: Easily imaged using ultrasound to detect
testicular masses
• Urethra: Contrast radiography (pelvic urethra difficult to see via ultrasound)
• Prostate: Ultrasound (best), can see on radiographs if enlarged

Module 5 Week 2 (11 decks)

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