Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Operative > Cariology- Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Cariology- Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does rapid lateral expansion of caries occur?`

A

DEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 distinct clinical sites for caries:

A

Pits & fissures
Smooth enamel surfaces
Root surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are the root surfaces easiest to decay?

A

Because there is no enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Large variations exist in the microflora found in pits and fissures, suggesting that each site can be considered a separate ecologic system. Numerous gram-positive cocci, especially S. sanguis, are found in the pits and fissures of newly erupted teeth, whereas large numbers of MS usually are found in carious pits and fissures.

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common bacteria in newly erupted teeth

A

S. Sangius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Found in already carious pits and fissures

A

Mutans Streptococci (MS0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What pattern does demineralization follow?

A

The direction of the enamel rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens after initial enamel lesion occurs?

A

A reaction can be seen in the dentin and pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do smooth surface caries occur?

A

Generally near the gingiva or under proximal contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Have a broad area of origin and a conical extension towards the DEJ?

A

Smooth enamel surface caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rougher than enamel

A

Root surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Have well defined margins, tend to be U shaped in cross section and progress more rapidly because of the lack of protection from an enamel covering

A

Root surface caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The path of ingress of the lesion is roughly parallel to the long axis of the enamel rods in the region

A

Smooth enamel caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

V shape in cross section with a wide area of origin and the apex of the V directed to the DEJ

A

Smooth enamel caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Covers the root surface, is extremely thin and provides little resistance to caries attack

A

Cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These caries have increased significantly because of the increasing number of old people who retain more teeth

A

Root surface caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What factors impact the progression of caries?

A

Site of origin and the conditions of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Time of progression from non-cavitated caries to clinical caries (cavitation)

A

18 months +- 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Peak rate for the incidence of new lesions after the eruption of a tooth

A

3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Another name for noncavitated lesions

A

White spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

First clinical evidence of demineralization

A

White spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Developmental white spot
  • Same wet or dry
  • Do not restore unless for esthetics
A

Hypocalcified enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Disappear when wet

-Chalky white when desicatted

A

White spot lesion (noncavitated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Demineralized but not cavitated

  • Hard external surface
  • Do not restore
A

White spot lesion (noncavitated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

often remineralize in enamel

A

White spot lesion (noncavitated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

retain most of the original crystalline framework of the enamel rods, and the etched crystallites serve as nucleating agents for remineralization

A

White spot lesion (noncavitated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Surface is disturbed or missing.

Soft, chalky surface discernible with an explorer tip.

A

Cavitated enamel lesion (active caries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Lose most of the original crystalline framework of the enamel rods.

A

Cavitated enamel lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What serves as a driving force for remineralization?

A

Saliva with calcium and phosphate ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Greatly enhances the precipitation of remineralization process

A

Fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Allows remineralized enamel to become more resistant to subsequent caries attack because of the incorporation of more acid-resistant fluorapatite.

A

Fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

observed clinically as intact, but discolored, usually brown or black, spots. The change in color is presumably caused by trapped organic debris and metallic ions within the enamel.

A

Remineralized Enamel Lesion (inactive caries)

34
Q

How long does it take to see differences in remineralization

A

3-6 months

35
Q

Remineralized enamel lesion. Will be hard when you put explorer in there

A

Stain

36
Q

What happens every time a tooth remineralizes?

A

It becomes more resistant to decay

37
Q

Hydrated: Translucent
Desiccated: Translucent
Surface texture: Smooth
Surface hardness: Hard

A

Normal enamel

38
Q

Hydrated: opaque
Desiccated: opaque
Surface texture: Smooth
Surface hardness: Hard

A

Hypocalcified enamel

39
Q

Hydrated: Translucent
Desiccated: opaque
Surface texture: Smooth
Surface hardness: Softened

A

Noncavitated caries

40
Q

Hydrated: Opaque
Desiccated: Opaque
Surface texture: Cavitated
Surface hardness: Very soft

A

Active caries

41
Q

Hydrated: opaque, dark
Desiccated: opaque, dark
Surface texture: Roughened
Surface hardness: Hard

A

Inactive caries

42
Q

Plaque biofilm: Normal
Enamel structure: Normal
Therapeutic Treatment: Not indicated
Restorative treatment: Not indicated

A

Normal enamel

43
Q

Plaque biofilm: Normal
Enamel structure: Abnormal but not weakened
Therapeutic Treatment: Not indicated
Restorative treatment: Only for esthetics

A

Hypocalcified enamel

44
Q

Plaque biofilm: Cariogenic
Enamel structure: Porous, weakened
Therapeutic Treatment: Yes
Restorative treatment: Not indicated

A

Noncavitated caries

45
Q

Plaque biofilm: Cariogenic
Enamel structure: Cavitated, very weak
Therapeutic Treatment: Yes
Restorative treatment: Yes

A

Active caries

46
Q

Plaque biofilm: Normal
Enamel structure: Remineralized, very strong
Therapeutic Treatment: Not indicated
Restorative treatment: Only for esthetics

A

Inactive caries

47
Q

Why is progression of caries in dentin different from the progression in enamel

A

Structural differences of dentin

48
Q

Contain much less mineral and posses microscopic tubules that provide a pathway for the ingress of bacteria and egress of minerals

A

Dentin

49
Q

Has the least resistance to caries attack and allows rapid lateral spread

A

DEJ

50
Q

Much less resistance to acid attack owing to less mineralized content

A

Dentin

51
Q
  • Epithelial origin

- Ameloblasts extinct after deposition

A

Enamel

52
Q
  • Mesenchymal origin

- Odontoblasts remain in pulp

A

Dentin/pulp complex

53
Q

90-95% Inorganic (HA)
1-2% Protein
4-8% water
Volume %

A

Composition of enamel

54
Q

50 vol% HA (75 wt%)
25 vol% collagen (20 wt%)
25 vol% water includes tubules (5wt%)

A

Dentin Composition

55
Q

Odontoblasts become increasingly compressed in the shrinking pulp chamber, and the number of associated tubules becomes more concentrated per unit area

A

As dentin grows

56
Q

Where is the more recently formed dentin

A

Near the pulp

57
Q

Has large tubules with little or no peritubular dentin and calcified intertubular dentin filled with collagen fibers

A

Dentin near the pulp

58
Q

large tubules with little or no peritubular dentin and calcified intertubular dentin filled with collagen fibers

A

Newer dentin

59
Q

a uniform layer of mineral

A

Peritubular dentin

60
Q

What do horizontal lines in dentin indicate?

A

Predentin

61
Q

What do diagonal lines indicate in dentin?

A

Increasing density of minerals

62
Q

What do darker horizontal lines in dentin indicate

A

Densely mineralized dentin and increased thickness of peritubular dentin.

63
Q

Characterized by bacteria filling the tubules and granular material in the intertubular space

A

Most superficial infected zone of carious dentin

64
Q

Contains very little mineral and lacks characteristic cross-banding of collagen.

A

Granular material

65
Q

What do carbohydrates produce to remove peritubular dentin?

A

Lactic acid

66
Q

Found pulpal to transparent dentin

A

Normal dentin

67
Q
  1. reaction to a long-term, low-level acid demineralization associated with a slowly advancing lesion
  2. reaction to a moderate-intensity attack
  3. reaction to severe, rapidly advancing caries characterized by very high acid levels
A

Pulp-dentin complex reacts to caries attacks

68
Q

What does the pulp respond with?

A

Inflammatory cells

69
Q

Large chucks of dentin in the pulp

A

reparative dentin

70
Q

Results in bacterial invasion of dentin by a wide variety of pathogenic materials or irritants, including high acid levels, hydrolytic enzymes, bacteria, and bacterial cellular debris.

A

Intense caries activity

71
Q

What does the success of the dentinal reparative response depend on?

A

The severity of the caries attack and the ability of the pulp to respond.

72
Q

The most important limiting factor to the pulpal responses

A

Pulpal blood supply

73
Q
  • High levels of acid production overpowers dentinal defenses and results in:
  • Infection,
  • Abscess, and
  • Death of the pulp, usually due to impaired blood supply.
A

Reaction to severe, rapidly advancing caries

74
Q
  1. Weak organic acids demineralize dentin
  2. The organic material of dentin, particularly collagen, degenerates and dissolves
  3. The loss of structural integrity is followed by invasion of bacteria
A

Caries advancement in dentin

75
Q

Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3

A

1- Normal dentin
2- Affected dentin
3- Infected dentin

76
Q
  • Deepest area
  • tubules with odontoblastic processes that are smooth
  • No crystals are present in the lumens
  • No bacteria present in tubules
A

Zone 1: Normal dentin

77
Q

Stimulation of this dentin produces a sharp pain

A

Zone 1: Normal dentin

78
Q
  • Inner carious dentin
  • A zone of demineralization of intertubular dentin and of initial formation of fine crystals in the tubule lumen at the advancing front.
A

Zone 2: Affected Dentin

79
Q
  • Damage to the odontoblastic process is evident.
  • Softer than normal dentin and shows loss of mineral from intertubular dentin and many large crystals in the lumen of the dentinal tubules.
A

Zone 2: Affected dentin

80
Q
  • Collagen cross-linking remains intact in this zone.
  • The intact collagen can serve as a template for remineralization of intertubular dentin, and this region remains capable of self-repair, provided that the pulp remains vital.
A

Zone 2: Affected dentin

81
Q
  • Also called outer carious dentin, this is the outermost carious layer, the layer that the clinician would encounter first when opening a lesion.
  • The zone of bacterial invasion and is marked by widening and distortion of the dentinal tubules, which are filled with bacteria.
A

Zone 3: Infected Dentin

82
Q

-Little mineral is present, and the collagen in this zone is irreversibly denatured.
-The dentin in this zone does not self-repair.
This zone cannot be remineralized, and its removal is essential to sound, successful restorative procedures and the prevention of spreading the infection.

A

Zone 3: Infected Dentin

Operative (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions