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Operative > Cariology - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Cariology - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors the contribute to Caries?

A

Bacteria, Carbohydrates & tooth structure

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2
Q

Primary modifying factors of caries:

A
  • Tooth Anatomy
  • Saliva
  • Biofilm pH
  • Use of flouride
  • Diet specifics
  • Oral hygiene
  • Immune system
  • Genetic factors
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3
Q

Secondary modifying factors:

A
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Education
  • Life-style
  • Environment
  • Age
  • Ethnic group
  • Occupation
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4
Q

Four factors that lead to caries:

A
  • Host
  • Cariogenic biofilm
  • Time
  • Fermentable carbohydrates
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5
Q

What does smooth surface decay mean?

A

There is going to be a lot more decay in that mouth

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6
Q

Localized demineralization and loss of tooth structure

A

Characterization of caries activity

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7
Q

Refine carbohydrates for energy and produce organic acid by-products

A

Cariogenic bacteria

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8
Q

Critical pH for enamel

A

5.5

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9
Q

Critical pH for dentin

A

6.2

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10
Q

When the pH in the biofilm returns to neutral and the concentration of soluble calcium and phosphate is supersaturated relative to that in the tooth, mineral can then be added back to partially demineralized enamel

A

Remineralization

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11
Q

pH of baking soda rinse

A

8

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12
Q
  • Acid-producing bacteria
  • Sub-normal saliva flow and/or function
  • Frequent eating/drinking of fermentable carbohydrates
  • Poor oral hygeine
A

Pathological factors of caries

Demineralization

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13
Q
  • Saliva flow and components
  • Remineralization ( fluoride, calcium, phosphate)
  • Antibacterials (fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol)
  • Good oral hygeine
A

Protective factors of caries

Remineralization

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14
Q

What happens if you use too much chlorhexidine?

A

You become resistant to lacto bailli

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15
Q

Keeps bacteria from attaching to your teeth

A

Xylitol

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16
Q

pH of hydroxyapitite

A

5.5

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17
Q

pH of dentin

A

6.2

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18
Q

pH of hydroxyflurapitite

A

4.5

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19
Q

What causes Ca & F to come out

A

pH

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20
Q

Tooth demineralzation as a result of the caries process

A

Caries lesion

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21
Q

A caries lesion on a smooth tooth surface

A

Smooth-surface caries

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22
Q

A caries lesion on a pit and fissure area

A

Pit and fissure caries

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23
Q

A caries lesion in any surface of the anatomic tooth crown

A

Coronal caries

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24
Q

A caries lesion not adjacent to an existing restoration or crown

A

Primary caries

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25
Q

A caries lesion adjacent to an existing restoration, crown, sealant.

A

Secondary caries

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26
Q

Refers to carious tissue that was not completely excavated prior to placing a restoration.

A

Residual caries

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27
Q

Less than half way through enamel

A

E1

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28
Q

Between DEJ and midway point of enamel

A

E2

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29
Q

Only 10% are cavitated

1mm

A

D1

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30
Q

2mm in root canal

A

D2

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31
Q

3mm in root canal

A

D3

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32
Q

A caries lesion that results in the breaking of integrity of the tooth, or a cavitation

A

Cavitated caries lesion

33
Q

A caries lesion that has not been cavitated.

A

Non-cavitated caries lesion

34
Q

Referred to as white spots in enamel

A

Non-cavitated caries lesion

35
Q

A caries lesion that is considered to be biologically active, that is, lesion in which tooth demineralzation is in frank activity at the time of examination

A

Active caries lesion

36
Q

Term used to describe the presense of extensive and multiple cavitated and active caries lesions in the same person

A

Rampant caries

37
Q

Soft, tenacious film accumulating on the surface of teeth

A

Dental plaque

or biofilm

38
Q

Composed of bacteria, their by-products, extracellular matrix and water

A

Biofilm

39
Q
  • Acquired pellicle
  • Forms in 30 min - 1 hr
  • Made of salivary proteins, cell free
  • Protects (IgA, IgG, lysozymes)
  • Reduce friction remineralzation
A

Non-pathogenic bacterial plaque

40
Q

Protective layer that develops on the tooth immediately after they are cleaned

A

Non-pathogenic bacterial plaque

41
Q
  • Plaque biofilm
  • Enamel rods
  • Striae of Retzius
  • Acquired pellicle
  • Perikymata ridges
A

Smooth-surface noncavitated lesion

42
Q

What keeps acid closer to the tooth?

A

Biofilm

43
Q

Main bacteria on coronal plaque

A

Gram-positive filaments

44
Q

Main bacteria on Gingival crevice

A

Gram- positive filaments

45
Q

Main bacteria on Tongue dorsum

A

Other species

20% each are S. salivarius & Gram- positive filaments

46
Q

Main bacteria on buccal mucosa

A

S. mitis

47
Q

Predominant species on mucosa

A

S. mitis
S.Sanguis
S.salivarious

48
Q

Predominant species on tongue

A

S.Salivarius
S.mutans
S.sanguis

49
Q

Predominant species on teeth (non-carious)

A

S. Saguis

50
Q

Predominant species on gingival crevice

A

Fusobacterium
Spirochaeta
Actnomyces
Veillonella

51
Q

Aerobic
pH of about 7
Oxidation-reduction potential positive

A

Mucosa & tongue

52
Q

Aerobic
pH 5.5
Oxidation-reduction negative

A

Teeth

53
Q

Anaerobic
pH variable
Oxidation-reduction very negative

A

Gingival crevice

54
Q

Predominant species in Enamel caries

A

S. Mutans

55
Q

Predominant species in dental caries

A

S. Mutans

Lactobacillus

56
Q

Predominant species in root caries

A

Actinomyces

57
Q

Anaerobic
pH < 5.5
Oxidation- reduction negative

A

Enamel caries
Dentin Caries
Root caries

58
Q

Tooth habitats favorable for harboring pathogenic biofilm

A
  • Pits & fissures
  • Smooth enamel surface immediately gingival to the proximal contacts in the gingival third of the facial and lingual surfaces of the clinical crown
  • Root surfaces, near cervical line
  • Subgingival areas
59
Q

What do composites bind best to?

A

Enamel

60
Q

What binds best to dentin?

A

Glass ionomer

61
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Buffers acid in mouth to raise the pH

62
Q

Important substance for the proper digestion of foods, and it plays a key role as a natural caries agent

A

Saliva

63
Q

After radiation, salivary glands become fibrotic and produce little or no saliva, leaving the patient with an extremely dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

64
Q
  • Cleaves- 1,4 glucoside bonds

- Increases availability of oligosaccharides

A

Amylase

65
Q
  • Catalyzes hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation; absorbs to hydroxyapatite in active form
  • Lethal to many organisms: suppresses plaque formation on tooth surfaces
A

Lactoperoxidase

66
Q
  • Lyses cells by degradation of cell walls, releasing peptidoglycans; binds to hydroxyapatite in active conformation
  • Lethal to many organisms; peptidoglycans activate complement; suppresses plaque formation on tooth surfaces
A

Lysozyme

67
Q
  • Hydrolysis of triglycerides to free fatty acids and partial glycerides
  • Free fatty acids inhibit attachment and growth of some organisms
A

Lipases

68
Q

Non-enzyme protein

  • Ties up free ion
  • Inhibits growth of some ion-dependent microbes
A

Lactoferrin

69
Q

Non-enzyme protein

  • Aggluination of bacteria inhibits bacterial enzymes
  • Reduces numbers in saliva by precipitation, slows bacteria growth
A

Secretory immunoglobin

70
Q

Non-Enzyme protein

  • Agglutination of bacteria
  • Reduces numbers in saliva by precipitation
A

Glycoproteins (mucins)

71
Q

How much saliva do adults produce a day?

A

1-1.5 L a day, very little of which occurs during sleep

72
Q

Lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, and agglutinins

A

Possess antibacterial activity

73
Q

Resting pH is lower than..

A

Stimulated salvia pH & chewing pH

74
Q

What determines the buffering capacity of saliva

A

Bicarbonate ion

75
Q

Molecules that increase biofilm pH in saliva

A

Urea & Sialin

76
Q

What are saliva and biofilm supersaturated with?

A

Calcium & phosphate

77
Q

Proline-rich peptide that stabilizes calcium and phosphate ions and prevents excessive deposition of these ions on teeth

A

Statherin

78
Q

Most important factor in producing cariogenic biofilm

A

fermentable carbohydrates

Operative (4 decks)

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