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Operative > Cariology - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Cariology - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical, surgical or related procedures) of diseases, disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and/or the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body; provided by a dentist, within the scope of his/her education, training and experience, in accordance with the ethics of the profession and applicable law

A

Dentistry

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2
Q

Prevent and control dental disease through community efforts. (Research and community outreach

A

Dental Public Health

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3
Q

Treat disease and injury of the dental pulp (root canals)

A

Endodontics

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4
Q

Identify and study diseased tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region

A

Oral and Maxillogacial Pathology

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5
Q

Straighten malpositioned teeth

A

Orthodontics

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6
Q

Preform Dentistry on Children

A

Pediatric Dentistry

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7
Q

Treat diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of teeth

A

Periodontics

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8
Q

Treat advanced restorative dental cases

A

Prosthodontics

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9
Q

Concerns the production and interpretation of radiographs of the oral and maxillofacial region

A

Oral and maxillofacial Radiology

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10
Q

Gums and jaw

A

Periodontium

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11
Q

TMJ

A

Temporal Mandibular joint

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12
Q

50-90% of what a general dentist does

A

Restorative and prosthetic Dentistry

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13
Q
  • Cut or shear food

- Phonetics, function & esthetics

A

Incisors

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14
Q
  • Seize, pierce, tear and cut food
  • Longest roots and strategic position in arch
  • Key to occlusion (protection)
A

Canines

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15
Q
  • Grind and tear

- Fine chewing

A

Premolars

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16
Q
  • Large multi-rooted strong

- Crushing, grinding and chewing

A

Molars

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17
Q
  • Hard
  • Translucent white
  • Shell structure
A

Enamel

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18
Q
  • Yellowish

- Softer

A

Dentin

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19
Q
  • 90-95% inorganic hydroxyapatite
  • 4-8% water
  • 1-2% protein
A

Composition of enamel

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20
Q
  • Rods or prisms
  • striated appearance
  • Runs from DEJ to surface
A

Enamel

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21
Q
  • Epithelial origin

- Ameloblasts extinct after deposition

A

Enamel

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22
Q
  • Mesenchymal origin

- Odontoblasts remain in pulp

A

Dentin/pulp complex

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23
Q 
-Rods are about 4-8µm
\+Interlocking Prisms
--Head region (5µm  wide)
--Tail region (5µm long)
-Rods surrounded by an  organic sheath
A

Enamel organization

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24
Q

What are rods made up of

A
  • Millions of crystallites

- Each crystallite surrounded by an organic film or matrix

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25
Q

What are crystallites composed of

A

Calcium phosphate

- Hydroxyapitite

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26
Q

What are crystallites shaped as?

A
  • Needle-like
  • 200-400 A wide
  • 1600 A long
  • Surrounding organic matrix
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27
Q

Long axis of crystals parallel to rod direction

A

Body

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28
Q

Up to 65 deg from prism or rod direction

A

Periphery and tail

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29
Q
  • Occurs at cervical and incisal/occlusal areas

- Harder to cleave

A

Gnared enamel

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30
Q

Resists fracture better than regular enamel

A

Gnared enamel

31
Q
  • Very hard, brittle, stiff
    • Parallel to rod direction
  • Low tensile strength
  • -Perpendicular to rod direction
A

Properties of enamel

32
Q

Same in all directions

A

isotropic

33
Q

Depends on direction

A

Anisotropic

34
Q

Enamel should go ____ to enamel rods and be supported by dentin

A

Parallel

35
Q

Less translucent than enamel

A

Dentin

36
Q
  • 50% HA
  • 25% collagen
  • 25% water includes tubules
A

Dentin Composition

37
Q

Come from odonotoblastic cells

A

Dentinal tubules

38
Q
  • Tubules extend from pulp chamber to DEJ

- Tubules related to cells that line the pulpal wall (Odontoblasts)

A

Pulp/Dentin Complex

39
Q

Allow fluid movement and ion transport

  • Remineralizaiton
  • Apposition of peritubular dentin
  • Pain preception
A

Dentinal tubule function

40
Q

Cytoplasmic extensions of cell body (tomes fibers)

A

Odontoblastic processes

41
Q

Cell bodies line the wall of pulp chambers

A

Odontoblasts

42
Q

Can you grow new enamel?

A

NO

43
Q

What is the difference in superficial dentin compared to deeper dentin?

A

Tubules are smaller and more sparsely distributed in superficial

44
Q

What is the difference in tubules in superficial & deep root dentin vs coronal dentin

A

Tubules in superficial and deep are smaller and less numerous

45
Q

Which dentin is more mineralized?

A

Peritubular dentin is more mineralized than intertubular dentin

46
Q

Which dentin is more mineralized? Near DEJ or Near pulp

A

Near DEJ

47
Q

What is the principal organic component in dentin structure?

A

Collagen

long rope-like protein & adds toughness

48
Q

What is contained within HA crystals?

A

Collagen

49
Q
  • 20% less hard than enamel
  • higher tensile strength (tough) and lower stiffness (modulus of elasticity) than enamel
  • isotropic properties
  • stops the propagation of most cracks in the enamel
A

Properties of dentin

50
Q

Unmineralized zone of dentin immediately adjacent to cell bodies of odontoblasts

A

Predentin

51
Q

Forms up to 3 years after tooth eruption

A

Primary Dentin

52
Q

Without any obvious stimulus, dentin direction changes and deposition slows

A

Secondary Dentin

53
Q

Which dentin is closer to the DEJ

A

Older Dentin

54
Q

Doesn’t follow patterns- kind of like gnarled enamel

A

Sclerotic Dentin

55
Q

Differences in Dentin and Enamel

A
  • Less mineral content
  • small tubules run throughout (more fluid and ion transport)
  • Ability to repair or regenerate (physical chemical response - cellular response)
56
Q

What do radiographs of enamel look like?

A
  • Enamel is more mineralized
  • More radiopaque
  • Whiter Xray
57
Q

Functions of Dental pulp

A

1- Formative or development
2- Nutritive
3- Sensory or protective
4- Defensive or reparative

58
Q

What produces Dentin?

A

Odontoblasts

59
Q

What is the nutritive function of Dentin?

A

Supplies nutrients and moisture to dentin through the blood vascular supply to the odontoblasts and their processes

60
Q

What does the sensory function do to the dentin?

A

Provides nerve fibers within the pulp to mediate the sensation of pain

61
Q

Can dentin receptors differentiate pain?

A

No

62
Q

What is the defensive response of dentin?

A

Inflammation to severe irritation. May result in pulp death

63
Q
  • Lightly yellow, slightly lighter in color than dentin
  • Rarely seen clinically
  • Lost as periodontium is lost
  • Removed by scaling, polishing and abrasion
A

Cementum

64
Q

5-10% mineral content
45-50% Inorganic hydroxyapitite
50-55 organic matter and water (collagen & protein polysaccharides)

A

Cementum

65
Q

Highest fluoride content of all mineralized tissue

A

Cementum

66
Q

Hard, avascular dental tissue covering anatomic roots

A

Cementum

67
Q

Formed continually through life: acellular and cellular

A

Cementum

68
Q

What is cementum formed by?

A

Cementoblasts

69
Q

Develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in connective tissue of the dental follicle

A

Cementoblasts

70
Q

What is an indicator that cementum is still forming

A

Periodontal fibers present

71
Q

Attachment of cementum to dentin

A

Cementodentinal junction (CDJ)

72
Q

Referred to as the cervical line, where the cementum joins enamel

A

Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

73
Q

Can undergo self repair to a limited degree

A

Cementum

74
Q

Slightly softer than dentin (less mineral)

Permeable to a variety of materials

A

Cementum

Operative (4 decks)

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