Career Development Flashcards
A career counselor in an employment agency works from the perspective of trait and factor theory. Trait and factor theories of careers focus on:
Select one:
A.
ability
B.
interest
C.
growth
D.
personality
D.
personality
Trait and factor theories presume that each person has a unique set of personality traits and life factors that influence his or her career choice and performance. It’s primarily known as a personality theory although these theories do consider more than just personality (i.e., the environmental or life factors).
You are working as a career counselor. You give one of your clients the Self-Directed Search, a test based on Holland’s six occupational themes. The client scores very high on the artistic theme. This client likely scored very low on which of the following themes:
Select one:
A.
realistic
B.
investigative
C.
social
D.
conventional
D.
conventional
According to Holland’s theory, the artistic and conventional themes are opposite from each other. In other words, someone can score high on one of these themes, but not both. Holland theorized that the six themes or types could be placed on a hexagon, starting with Realistic at the top left and proceeding clockwise with Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. The three pairs opposite each other on this hexagon can be considered opposing themes: realistic and social; investigative and enterprising; and artistic and conventional.
A career counseling office stresses the use of Ginzberg’s theory by its counselors. This office stresses which of the following:
Select one:
A.
career maturity
B.
career interest
C.
career development
D.
career performance
C.
career development
Ginzberg was the first major theorist of career development. His theory focused on how people developed in their careers. Although he did consider a person’s interest and performance, the primary focus was on development.
In her theory of personality development and career choice, Roe created an occupational classification system based on:
Select one:
A.
anticipation and implementation
B.
valence and expectancies
C.
field and level
D.
crystallization and clarification
C.
field and level
Roe based her classification system on a person’s occupational field (i.e., the area in which he or she works) and occupational level (i.e., how far the person advances in their field). Note that choices “a” and “d” refer to Tiedeman’s theory and choice “b” refers to Vroom’s theory. Tiedeman and Vroom are career decision making theorists.
A career counselor utilizes trait-and-factor theory in his work. Which of the following theorists would this counselor be most likely to agree with:
Select one:
A.
Parsons
B.
Holland
C.
Super
D.
Roe
A.
Parsons
The work of Parsons is usually considered as a trait-and-factor theory, although sometimes he is called a structuralist theorist. He believed that a person’s choice of a job depends on an accurate knowledge of the self and the proper match between the self and the specifications of a job. Trait-and-factor models, in general, are focused on personality characteristics that influence job choice.
You are working as a counselor in a university’s career development office. A student comes to see you and says that he is struggling to make a career choice. Which of these resources would be most useful for this student:
Select one:
A.
CBI
B.
DOT
C.
CISS
D.
SIGI
D.
SIGI
SIGI, the System of Interactive Guidance and Information, provides career-related help, primarily for people who are in college or are about to enter college. The CISS, the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey may also be helpful but it is intended for a more general audience and doesn’t specifically offer guidance to the same degree as SIGI. The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) is a listing of different job titles but doesn’t specifically offer guidance. The Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI) is intended mainly for adolescents. It is important to remember that on the NCE you may see the full names or the abbreviated names of the tests or other resources being asked about. While knowing abbreviations or acronyms may be a useful study tool, knowing the full name of something will almost always provide the necessary information. For example, if you know the SIGI as “System of Interactive Guidance and Information” and not just as “SIGI,” you will remember that it’s an interactive program offering both guidance and information.
The ___________, which is used in conjunction with the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, contains listings of general job categories and titles. If a career counseling client is interested in a particular job, he or she can then read the DOT to find more detailed information about the job:
Select one:
A.
Guide for Occupational Exploration
B.
Discover
C.
Self-Directed Search
D.
Occupational Outlook Handbook
A.
Guide for Occupational Exploration
The Guide for Occupational Exploration provides information about general job categories and the types of jobs within those categories. It is often used as a supplement to the more detailed Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
A counselor in a vocational rehabilitation office decides to use Vroom’s Expectancy Model as a basis for her work. This counselor will most likely:
Select one:
A.
determine whether the client possesses an orientation toward persons or things
B.
help a client pinpoint realistic opportunities in his or her career
C.
integrate a client’s unconscious childhood experiences into counseling discussions
D.
use assessment techniques to determine whether the client has completed specific developmental tasks
B.
help a client pinpoint realistic opportunities in his or her career
Vroom’s Expectancy Model says that a person’s career decision-making process is determined by the interaction of valences (preferences) and expectancies. A counselor working from this perspective may help the client develop a realistic sense of his or her opportunities.
Super’s theory of career development is considered to be:
Select one:
A.
not useful for helping people make a career choice
B.
a good starting point for helping people make a specific decision
C.
useful for matching individuals to jobs
D.
helpful in identifying an individual’s personality type
B.
a good starting point for helping people make a specific decision
Super’s theory and the developmental stages and tasks associated with it is a good starting point to help people make a career choice. It’s important to note that answers “A” and “B” are essentially saying the opposite of each other. This means that both answers can’t be correct and both answers can’t be incorrect, so one of them is likely the correct answer.
You want to assess a client’s personality type according to Holland’s theory. Which of the following inventories will help you make this assessment:
Select one:
A.
CISS
B.
SII
C.
CMI
D.
SDS
D.
SDS
The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is an assessment that reports results in terms of Holland’s personality theory. Test-takers are given a 3-letter code indicating their preferences on Holland’s dimensions.
The Career Development Inventory (CDI) is based on the work of which of the following theorists:
Select one:
A.
Super
B.
Roe
C.
Holland
D.
Crites
A.
Super
The Career Development Inventory (CDI) is based on the work of Donald Super. If you remember Super as a developmental theorist in your studies, then the word “development” in the name of the inventory should give you a big clue.
Which of the following would not be defined as a program goal:
Select one:
A.
as a result of the program, the client will develop effective decision-making strategies
B.
as a result of the program, the client will learn a range of exploratory resources
C.
as a result of the program, the client, when asked, will be able to name eight computer programs that assist with vocational search
D.
as a result of the program, the client will learn what type of occupation is most suited to his or her personality type
C.
as a result of the program, the client, when asked, will be able to name eight computer programs that assist with vocational search
Answers (a), (b), and (d) are examples of program goals. Answer C, however, is an example of a behavioral objective, rather than a program goal. Behavioral objectives are specific statements of desired behavior and are phrased in terms of observable performance or behavior.
In Gelatt’s model, what must happen before a career choice is made:
Select one:
A.
maturity must be reached
B.
data must be collected
C.
compromises must be made
D.
conflicts must be resolved
B.
data must be collected
According to Gelatt’s model of career decision-making, relevant data is collected after the need to make a decision is recognized. Then, career options are explored. (a) The concept of “maturity” as it relates to career choice is associated with D.E.Super. (c) Ginzberg’s Theory of Vocational Development contains the notion of “compromise”. (d) Janis and Mann’s Conflict Model is most associated with the relationship between “conflict” and career choice.
What conclusions about gender differences in vocational or occupational interests can be drawn based on research:
Select one:
A.
There are no differences between men and women.
B.
There are differences, but they are not statistically significant.
C.
These differences tend to disappear when men and women who have made the same occupational choices are compared.
D.
There are significant differences between men and women.
D.
There are significant differences between men and women.
This has been the most consistent finding regarding gender differences in vocational and occupational interests. Men and women respond differently on vocational interest inventories.
The theorist most associated with the psychodynamic model of career counseling is:
Select one:
A.
Super
B.
Krumboltz
C.
Bordin
D.
Freud
C.
Bordin
Bordin applied various psychodynamic principles to the career decision-making process. (a) Super is associated with the theory of Developmental Career Counseling. (b) Krumboltz is identified with Behavioral Career Counseling.
Which of the following is not one of Herr and Cramer’s five stages of career program planning:
Select one:
A.
developing a program rationale and philosophy
B.
implementing the program
C.
milestones
D.
selecting alternate program processes
B.
implementing the program
The word “not” makes this question a reverse type question. Herr and Cramer identified, in order, the following five stages: Developing a program rationale and philosophy, stating program goals and behavioral objectives, selecting alternate program processes, developing an evaluation design, and setting milestones. Incidentally, “common sense” may have enabled you to decide that implementing the program would not be a part of planning. Such logic can help you “guess” on the NCE if you come across information that is unfamiliar to you.
