Career Counselling

Question 1

What changed that career counselling was created?

Answer 1

1) increase in agricultural equipment (needed less workers)
2) Industrial Revolution (workers needed in cities, left ancestral jobs)
3) immigrants (used to change)
4) roads (kids could get to school)

Question 2

What was the ultimate outcome of these changes (that lead to career counselling)?

Answer 2

1) increase in job variety (b.c increase education)

2) increase in value of selection right person

Question 3

Who was Frank Parsons?

Answer 3

Created the job of career counselling and trained the first counsellors

Question 4

What did Parsons compare when matching people to jobs?

Answer 4

Aptitude with skills

Question 5

What are 3 cautions of measuring vocational interests?

Answer 5

1) interests vs. abilities
2) clinical vs. actuarial
3) traits vs. situations (behaviour can be constrained by situation)

Question 6

Who was Edward Strong?

Answer 6

Created the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB)

Question 7

What are 2 major components of the SVIB?

Answer 7

1) measurable scale

2) criterion keying (compared interests with success of people in certain job field)

Question 8

What are the 3 scales of the SVIB?

Answer 8

1) basic interest (general)
2) occupational
3) 4 personal style (eg. work with people or not?)

Question 9

What were the strengths of the SVIB? (4)

Answer 9

• validity/reliability
• wide variety of interests
• wide range of samples
• diverse and rich w data

Question 10

What were the weaknesses of the SVIB? (2)

Answer 10

• sex bias

- no psychological theory

Question 11

Who was David Campbell and what did he do?

Answer 11

Revised SVIB to create SCII (Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory)

Question 12

What did the SCII fix/add about the SVIB?

Answer 12

1) sex bias problem (items for men and women merged)

2) added a theory (Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice)

Question 13

What does Holland’s theory of vocational choice state?

Answer 13

• interests express personality

Question 14

What are the 6 personality types of Holland’s theory? (and their nick names)

Answer 14

Realistic (Doer)
Investigative (thinker)
Artistic (creator)
Social (helper)
Enterprising (persuader)
Conventional (organizer)
(RIASEC)

Question 15

What are the 4 scores yielded by the SCII?

Answer 15

1) RIASEC
2) administration indexes
3) basic interests
4) occupational (compares)

Question 16

Which of Holland’s RIASEC codes do not like social interactions? (4)

Answer 16

1) realistic
2) investigative
3) artistic
4) conventional

Question 17

Which of Holland’s RIASEC does DO like social interaction?

Answer 17

1) Social

2) conventional

Question 18

What is the CISS?

Answer 18

Campbell’s Interest & Skill Survey (descendant of SCII)

Question 19

What theory does the CISS use?

Answer 19

Holland’s RIASEC

Question 20

What scales does the CISS use? (5)

Answer 20

1) orientation (occupational = RIASEC)
2) basic interest
3) occupational (specific jobs)
4) extroversion
5) academic focus (how successful ppl will be in an academic setting)

Question 21

What does the CISS assess as well as interest?

Answer 21

SKILL (pursue, develop, explore, avoid)

Question 22

Does the CISS have high reliability/validity?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

What is the SII?

Answer 23

Strong Interest Inventory (re-emergence of Strong)

Question 24

What does the SII have that the previous tests didn’t?

Answer 24

5 pt Likert Scale

Question 25

What scales does the SII use? (4)

Answer 25

1) general occupational themes (RIASEC)
2) Basic interest
3) occupational (compared to other ppl)
4) personal style

Question 26

What are the 5 types of personal style on the Personal Style Scale of the SII?

Answer 26

1) work (ppl or ideas?)
2) learning style (doing vs. reading)
3) risk taking (quiet vs. thrill seeking)
4) leadership (by example or by yourself)
5) team orientation (alone vs. team)

Question 27

What is the KOIS and what did it add?

Answer 27

Kuder Occupational Interest Survey, academic pursuits

Question 28

What is a triad and on what test is used on?

Answer 28

KOIS - sets of 3 activities, says which most/least prefer

Question 29

What scores are given on the KOIS? (3)

Answer 29

1) interest (*seperate norms for men and women)
2) occupational
3) college major scores

Question 30

What are the pros of the KOIS?

Answer 30

• high reliability
• stable test
• good predictive validity
• high self-efficacy in HS students

Question 31

Who was Douglas Jackson and what test did he make?

Answer 31

UWO, Jackson Vocational Interest Survey (JVIS)

Question 32

What types of questions does the JVIS use?

Answer 32

pairs of statements (forced choice)

Question 33

What scores are used on the JVIS? (2)

Answer 33

1) basic interest (34 scores)

2) general occupational themes (RIASEC)

Question 34

Which test predicts university majors the most accurately?

Answer 34

JVIS

Question 35

What are the pros of using the JVIS?

Answer 35

1) high internal consistency .70-.92

2) high test retest reliability (4-6 weeks) .69-.92

Question 36

What is internal consistency?

Answer 36

correlation b/w diff items on same test

Question 37

What are the issues about the JVIS? (3)

Answer 37

1) sex bias
2) interests vs. aptitudes (doesn’t compare scores of how successful ppl were, just how happy)
3) development of person (ppl can learn on job)

Question 38

REVIEW: What are the major features of each test/person? (6)

Answer 38

Parsons: compare aptitude w skills
SVIB: scale; comparing success with interest
SCII: Holland’s theory (RIASEC)
CISS: assess skills as well as interests
SII: Likert scale, personal style
KOIS: criterion keying about academic pursuits
JVIS: interests matched to careers not people