Anxiety Flashcards
What are the 3 components of stress?
1) frustration
2) conflict
3) pressure
What defines frustration? (2)
1) attainment of goal blocked
2) goal itself missing
What are the 3 types of conflict?
1) approach-avoid (want to approach but blocked)
2) approach-approach
3) avoid-avoid
What defines conflicts?
forced choice between two things
What are the 2 types of pressure?
internally imposed (set by you) externally imposed
What does pressure shape?
behaviour
What are 4 important factors of stress?
1) nature of the stress
2) perception
3) stress tolerance
4) external resources
What are factors that determine the nature of stress?
- severity
- duration
- imminence
- simultaneous stressors
What is the Sandwich Generation?
simultaneous stressors
How does one acquire hardiness?
- genetic
- some extent can be learned
What was a common factor in immigrant suicide cases?
didn’t have social support network (external resources)
therefore increased stress
What are the 3 stages of Hans-Seyle’s General Adaption Syndrome?
1) alarm
2) resistance
3) exhaustion
What is the Eastern Hypothesis?
exclude irrelevant stimuli & increase attention when stressed
What is inhibited in the alarm stage of GAS?
- non essential processes (growth, immune system)
What is elicited in the alarm stage of GAS?
improved perception
analgesia
What happens in the resistance phase of GAS?
body returns back to normal, withdraw from society
What happens in the exhaustion phase of GAS?
resources are depleted
cog. functioning compromised
decrease immune system, increase BP & tiredness
What is anxiety & what is it caused by?
emotional state caused by stress, unpredictability about future
What is rumination?
constant dwelling on problem
What is the difference between state & trait anxiety?
state: varies (before exam)
trait: personality trait
How is state anxiety evaluated?
TAQ (test anxiety questionnaire)
How is trait anxiety evaluated?
TAS (test anxiety scale)
How is anxiety assessed? (2 inventories)
1) Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI)
2) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
What is concurrent validity? Is it high for trait or state for STAI?
- correlation b.w other anxiety assessments (HIGH for trait))
What is discriminant validity? Is it highfor trait or state for STAI?
- tests whether concepts that seem unrelated are truly unrelated (HIGH for state)
Is reliability high or low on the STAI?
HIGH - trait
LOW - state (expected)
How are responses measured on the STAI?
- 4 pt scale
How are responses measured on the BAI?
- self report, paper & pencil test
Is reliability high or low on the BAI?
HIGH 0.92
Is validity high or low on the BAI?
HIGH content criterion construct
Why was the BAI developed?
to distinguish b/w ANXIETY and DEPRESSION
What is Eyseneck’s theory in terms of test anxiety?
worrying uses up short term memory (leaves little room for task performance, DECREASES validity of tests)
What is Mandler & Sarason’s theory in terms of test anxiety?
task relevant responses are (+)
tast irrelevant réponses are (-)
e.g. thinking that you suck will lower your test score
What does the Test Anxiety Questionnaire measure?
state anxiety (high reliability, some validity)
What does the Test Anxiety Scale measure?
trait anxiety
