Care Giver Infant Interaction - Attachment

Question 1

Reciprocity

Answer 1

caregiver - infant interaction is a two-way. Mutual process. The behaviour of each party elicits a response from the other. Each party responds to the action of another’s signal to sustain interaction (Turn taking). The responses are not necessarily similar as interaction synchronicity.
Smiling is an example of reciprocity - when a smile occurs in one person it elicits. Response in the other

Question 2

Studies for reciprocity

Answer 2

Trevethan
Brazelton et al (1975)
Tronick et al (1977)
Feldman (2007)

Question 3

Feldman (2007)

Answer 3

Feldman (2007)
around three months this interaction tends to be increasingly frequent
From birth babies move in a rhythm when interacting with an adult almost as if they were taking turns

Question 4

Brazelton et al (1975)

Answer 4

Brazelton et al (1975)
Suggested this basic rhythm is an important precursor to later communications
The regularity of an infant signals allow a caregiver to anticipate the infants behaviour and respond appropriately

Question 5

Trevathan

Answer 5

Trevathan

Suggest that turn taking in the infant-adult interaction is important for the development of social and language skills

Question 6

Tronick et al (1977)

Answer 6

Tronick et al (1977)
asked mothers who had been enjoying a dialogue with their baby to stop moving and maintain a static, unsmiling expression on their faces.
Babies would try to tempt the mother into interaction by smiling themselves, and would become puzzled and increasingly distressed when their smile did not provoke the usual response.

Question 7

Interaction also synchrony

Answer 7

psychologists have described a slightly different interaction between infants and caregivers called interaction also synchrony whicy is when two people interacts in a mirror pattern in terms of their emotional and facial and body

Question 8

Studies to support interaction also Synchrony

Answer 8

Melts off and Moore (1977)

Isabella et al (1989)

Question 9

Melt off and Moore (1977)

Answer 9

Meltzoff and Moore (1977) - interaction also synchrony
observed the beginnings of interaction also synchrony in infants as young as two weeks. And adult displayed one of three facial expression one of three distinctive gestures.
The child’s response was filmed and identified by independent observers and association was found between the expression or gesture that I don’t have to splayed and the actions of thE babies
the same was proved with three days old.

Question 10

Isabella et al (1989)

Answer 10

Isabella et al (1989) - interactional synchrony
found that high levels of synchrony were associated with better quality mother infant attachment
Suggests that strong emotional attachments are associated with high levels of synchrony

Question 11

Evaluation of observing infants

Answer 11

• it is difficult during observations to see the infants perspective. Is the behaviour conscious or deliberate
• we cannot assume the interaction has a specific meaning

+ often observations are video taped from different angles to capture all details

+ Babies do not know or care that they are being observed- they should not change their behaviour, which improves validity

• Feldman (2012) suggests that synchrony simply describes behaviours that occur at the same time
• They do not tell us their purpose
• However there is evidence that reciprocity and synchrony are helpful in the development of mother infant attachment as well as helpful stress responses, empathy, language and moral development.

Question 12

Caregiverese

Answer 12

Baby voice used by the care giver, singsong type tone