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Health Science > Cardiovascular Vocab > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Which type of circulation takes blood to and from the cells of the lungs?

A

pulmonary

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2
Q

Which type of circulation begins with blood being pumped out of the left side of the heart?

A

systemic

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3
Q

What is the waste product excreted by the lungs?

A

carbon dioxide

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4
Q

Which is a combining form for a vessel that carries blood away from the heart?

A

arteri/o

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5
Q

Which is a combining form for a vessel that carries blood toward the heart?

A

phleb/o

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6
Q

The visceral pericardium is:

A

epicardium

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7
Q

The tissue walls between the chambers of the heart are:

A

septa

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8
Q

The area of the chest wall anterior to the heart and lower thorax is:

A

precordium

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9
Q

An upper chamber of the heart is the:

A

atrium

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10
Q

A lower chamber of the heart is the:

A

ventricle

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11
Q

The heart muscle’s dedicated system of blood supply is the:

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

Deoxygenated blood travels to the lungs through the:

A

pulmonary arteries

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13
Q

Blood returns to the heart from systemic circulation through the:

A

vena cava

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14
Q

Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the:

A

aorta

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15
Q

The valve between the right upper and lower chambers of the heart is the:

A

tricuspid valve

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16
Q

The valve between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart is the:

A

mitral/bicuspid valve

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17
Q

A synonym for the bicuspid valve is:

A

mitral valve

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18
Q

Which is NOT an area of the heart wall fed by the coronary arteries?

A

superior

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19
Q

The inner lining of the heart is:

A

endocardium

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20
Q

Heart rate is measured in:

A

BPM

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21
Q

The contractive phase of the heartbeat is:

A

systole

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22
Q

The relaxation phase of the heartbeat is:

A

diastole

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23
Q

The amount of blood expelled from the left ventricle compared with the total volume filling the
ventricle is called:

A

ejection fraction

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24
Q

Blood pressure is measured with a(n):

A

sphygmomanometer

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25
Q

The natural pacemaker of the heart is the:

A

sinoatrial node

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26
Q

An abnormal heartbeat is a/an:

A

arrhythmia

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27
Q

The atrioventricular bundle is the same as the:

A

bundle of His

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28
Q

The process of recording the electrical activity of the heart is:

A

electrocardiography

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29
Q

An abnormal sound heard when auscultating an artery is a:

A

bruit

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30
Q

Profuse secretion of sweat is:

A

diaphoresis

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31
Q

Pounding or racing of the heart is:

A

palpitation

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32
Q

Paleness of skin and/or mucous membranes is:

A

pallor

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33
Q

An abnormal heart sound heard during systole, diastole, or both is a:

A

murmur

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34
Q

An abnormally slow heartbeat is:

A

bradycardia

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35
Q

Breathlessness or air hunger is:

A

SOB

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36
Q

Fainting is:

A

syncope

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37
Q

An enlargement of the heart is:

A

cardiomegaly

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38
Q

Discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygenation of the blood is:

A

cyanosis

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39
Q

Fine vibration felt by the examiner on touch is a:

A

thrill

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40
Q

An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta is:

A

pda (patent ductus arteriosus)

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41
Q

A narrowing of the largest artery of the body is:

A

coarctation of the aorta

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42
Q

A hole in the wall between the top chambers of the heart is:

A

asd (atrial septal defect)

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43
Q

A hole in the wall between the lower chambers of the heart is:

A

vsd

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44
Q

A backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium across a diseased valve in systole is:

A

mr

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45
Q

A protrusion of one or both cusps of the valve on the left side of the heart back into the left upper
chamber is:

A

mvp (mitral valve prolapse)

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46
Q

Inflammation of a valve is:

A

valvulitis

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47
Q

Premature atrial contractions are:

A

aeb

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48
Q

Rapid, regular atrial rhythm is:

A

atrial flutter

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49
Q

Ventricular ectopic beats are:

A

pvc (premature ventricular beats)

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50
Q

The most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, manifesting as a series of extremely rapid and
irregular atrial contractions, is:

A

atrial fibrillation

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51
Q

Paroxysmal chest pain, often accompanied by shortness of breath and a sensation of impending doom, is:

A

angina pectoris

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52
Q

An accumulation and hardening of plaque in the coronary arteries is:

A

cad

53
Q

Cardiac tissue death that occurs when a coronary artery is occluded is:

A

mi

54
Q

A mass of fat or lipids on the wall of an artery is a(n):

A

atheroma

55
Q

A progressive disorder of the ventricles of the heart is:

A

cardiomyopathy

56
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the heart and its valves is:

A

endocarditis

57
Q

Inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently, so that it becomes overloaded, is:

A

chf (congestive heart failure)

58
Q

The term for localized dilation of an artery caused by congenital or acquired weakness in the wall of
the vessel is:

A

aneurysm

59
Q

Cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation in the leg muscles are:

A

claudication

60
Q

Varicose veins that appear at the end of the esophagus are:

A

esophageal varices

61
Q

A disease in which the arterial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity, but atheromas are
not present, is:

A

arteriosclerosis

62
Q

Hardening of the arteries and the presence of atheromas are:

A

atherosclerosis

63
Q

Inflammation of either deep or superficial veins, leading to formation of one or more blood clots, is:

A

thrombophlebitis

64
Q

High blood pressure as a result of no identifiable cause is:

A

essential

65
Q

varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins is:

A

hemorrhoids

66
Q

A unilateral circulatory disease secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or trauma is:

A

Raynaud phenomenon

67
Q

An idiopathic disease of the peripheral vascular system, causing intermittent cyanosis and/or erythema of the distal ends of the fingers and/or toes, is:

A

Raynaud disease

68
Q

The type of hypertension caused by another disease is:

A

secondary

69
Q

What is the procedure in which ultrasonic waves are directed through the heart to study its structure and motion?

A

echocardiography

70
Q

The use of radionuclides to diagnose CAD, valvular or congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy is:

A

myocardial perfusion imaging

71
Q

A computerized nuclear medicine procedure that uses inhaled or injected radioactive substances to help identify how much a patient will benefit from revascularization procedures is:

A

positron emission tomography

72
Q

Threading a thin tube into the heart to collect diagnostic information about cardiac structures, coronary arteries, and great vessels is a(n):

A

cardiac catheterization

73
Q

A blood test to measure cholesterol and triglycerides in the circulating blood is a(n):

A

lipid profile

74
Q

A blood test to measure the amount of LDH and CPK in the blood is a(n):

A

cardiac enzymes test

75
Q

The use of a cardiopulmonary machine to do the work of the heart during an open-heart procedure is:

A

ECC

76
Q

What is a mechanical pump device that assists a patient’s weakened heart?

A

LVAD

77
Q

What is an external or implantable device that provides an electronic shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm?

A

cardiac defibrillator

78
Q

What is a small, battery-operated device that helps the heart beat in a regular rhythm?

A

cardiac pacemaker

79
Q

Open-heart surgery in which a piece of a blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage is:

A

cabg (coronary artery bypass grafting)

80
Q

What is a surgical procedure in which a catheter is threaded into the coronary artery affected by
atherosclerotic heart disease, and then the balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated and deflated to expand the lumen of the artery?

A

ptca (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)

81
Q

What is a surgical procedure in which the heart is still beating while a minimal incision is made over the coronary artery with a blockage, and an artery from the chest wall is used as the bypass?

A

midcab

82
Q

What is a procedure using a laser to make a series of holes in the heart tissue in the hope of
increasing blood flow by stimulating new blood vessels to grow?

A

tmr (transmyocardial laser revascularization)

83
Q

Destruction of abnormal cardiac electrical pathways causing arrhythmias is:

A

radiofrequency catheter ablation

84
Q

A procedure to treat cardiac tamponade by aspirating fluid from the pericardium is:

A

pericardiocentesis

85
Q

Surgical repair of a valve is:

A

valvuloplasty

86
Q

Removal of hemorrhoids is:

A

hemorrhoidectomy

87
Q

Injection of a chemical solution into varicosities to cause inflammation and destruction of the lining of the veins so that blood flow is rerouted through adjoining vessels is:

A

sclerotherapy

88
Q

What is the name for drugs that lessen myocardial oxygen demand by slowing the flow of calcium to smooth muscle cells, causing arterial relaxation?

A

CCBS (calcium-channel blockers)

89
Q

What are drugs that reduce the level of LDLs in the blood?

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

90
Q

Drugs that relax blood vessels by preventing the formation of a vasoconstrictor are:

A

ACE inhibitors

91
Q

Which drugs help the body form and excrete urine and are used in the treatment of hypertension and
congestive heart failure?

A

diuretics

92
Q

Inflammation and clot formation in a superficial vein is called:

A

svt (superficial vein thrombosis)

93
Q

Which type of medication acts on plasminogen, causing clots to disintegrate?

A

thrombolytics

94
Q

What drugs relax blood vessels and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption to lessen the pain of
angina pectoris?

A

nitrates

95
Q

Which procedure stops the heart while surgery is accomplished through small incisions in the chest?

A

PACAB

96
Q

Stimulation of the growth of new vessels is:

A

angiogenesis

97
Q

The abbreviation for a medication that inhibits the flow of calcium to smooth muscle of the heart.

A

CCB

98
Q

Narrowing of the aortic valve is called:

A

aortic stenosis

99
Q

Backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is called:

A

mitral regurgitation

100
Q

Incomplete electrical conduction in the bundle branches is called:

A

bundle branch block

101
Q

Any abnormality of the sinus node is called:

A

sick sinus syndrome

102
Q

Inflammation of the blood vessels is called:

A

vasculitis

103
Q

Below-normal blood pressure is called:

A

hypotension

104
Q

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is called:

A

pericarditis

105
Q

Elongated, dilated, superficial veins with incompetent valves are:

A

varicose veins

106
Q

A vascular disorder limited to the extremities is called:

A

peripheral vascular disease

107
Q

Blockage of blood flow to the extremities is called:

A

peripheral arterial occlusion

108
Q

Low blood pressure upon rising to a standing position is called:

A

orthostatic hypotension

109
Q

What is the term for heartbeats that occur outside the normal rhythm?

A

ectopic beats

110
Q

What is the term for a benign growth in the interatrial septum?

A

atrial myxoma

111
Q

What is the term for a noncancerous tumor of the blood vessels?

A

hemangioma

112
Q

A rare heart cancer originating in the left atrium is:

A

cardiac myxosarcoma

113
Q

A rare cancer of the cells that line the blood vessels is:

A

hemangiosarcoma

114
Q

The term for heart pain is:

A

cardiodynia

115
Q

Difficult and/or painful breathing is called:

A

dyspnea

116
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues is called:

A

edema

117
Q

Another term for vomit is:

A

emesis

118
Q

The sensation or urge to vomit is called:

A

nausea

119
Q

An excessive amount of blood in vessels of the lungs is called:

A

pulmonary congestion

120
Q

A rapid heartbeat is called:

A

tachycardia

121
Q

The condition of enlarged or swollen veins is called:

A

venous distension

122
Q

A congenital anomaly that consists of four defects is called:

A

tetralogy of Fallot.

123
Q

Narrowing of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called:

A

mitral stenosis

124
Q

Protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium is called:

A

mitral valve prolapse

125
Q

The condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathe comfortably is called:

A

orthopnea

126
Q

Narrowing of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is called:

A

tricuspid stenosis

127
Q

Extremely rapid and irregular heart contractions are called:

A

fibrillation

128
Q

An extremely rapid but regular heartbeat is called:

A

flutter

129
Q

Inflammation and the formation of a clot in a deep vein is called:

A

dvt (deep vein thrombosis)

Health Science (5 decks)

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