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Paramedical Emergency 3 > Cardiovascular Toxidromes > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Toxidromes Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiac Action Potential Stages
(5)

A

0 - Rapid Depolarisation (systole)
1 - Notch
2 - Plateau
3 - Rapid Repolarisation
4 - Baseline (diastole)

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2
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 1
Type

A

Sodium Blockers

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3
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 2
Type

A

Beta Blockers

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4
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 3
Type

A

Potassium Blockers

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5
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 4
Type

A

Calcium Blockers

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6
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 (OTHER)
Type

A

Cardiac Glycosides

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7
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 1 Effects

A

drop rate of repolarisation (drug dependent)

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8
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 2 Effects

A
  • decrease SA node rate
  • decrease AV conductivity
  • increase refractory period
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9
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 3 Effects

A
  • increase refractory period
  • increase action potential duration
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10
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 4 Effects

A
  • decrease action potential duration
  • decrease AV conduction & contractility
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11
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 Effects

A
  • increase in chronotropic
  • decrease in inotropic
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12
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 1 Pharmocodynamics

A
  • sodium channel blockers slow NA+ influx during stage 0
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13
Q

Sodium Blockade Toxicity
Neuro Symptoms
(5)

A
  • ALOC
  • agitation
  • tremors/twitching
  • seizures
  • coma
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14
Q

Sodium Blockade Toxicity
Respiratory Symptoms

A
  • tachypnoea
  • bradypnoea (terminal sign)
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15
Q

Sodium Blockade Toxicity
Cardio Symptoms

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia or tachycardia (tachy = bad)
  • AV or bundle branch blocks
  • QRS widening
  • R axis deviation
  • VT or VF
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16
Q

Diagnosis

A

Sodium Blockade Toxicity

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17
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 2 pharmacodynamics

A

beta receptors blunt chronotropic, intotropic and metablic effect of catecholamines

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18
Q

Beta Blockers
Common Effects
(4)

A
  • reduce arrythmias, particularly tachyarrythmias
  • reduce blood pressure
  • manage psychological stress
  • reduce workload for angina or following MI infarction
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19
Q

Common drug class for -lol

A

class 2 beta blockers

20
Q

Beta Blocker Toxicity
Neuro Symptoms

A
  • ALOC
  • seizures
  • coma (seen with propranolol)
21
Q

Beta Blocker Toxicty
Respiratory Symptoms

A
  • bronchospasm
  • pulmonary oedema
22
Q

Beta Blocker Toxicity
Cardio Symptoms

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • AV blocks, complete dissociation
  • QRS widening
  • R axis deviation
23
Q

Beta Blocker Toxicity
Peripheral Symptoms

A
  • hypoglycaemia
  • hyperkalaemia
24
Q

Diagnosis

A

Beta Blocker Toxicity

25
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 3 pharmacodynamics
(3)

A
  • K+ prolong overall action potential by reducing K+ efflux out of cells
    -prolongs effective refractory & QT
  • blunts myocytes ability to respond to ectopic stimuli
26
Q

Potassium Toxicity
Neuro Symptoms

A
  • ALOC
  • tremors
  • seizures
  • coma
27
Q

Potassium Toxicity
Respiratory Symptoms

A
  • depression at high doses
28
Q

Potassium Toxicity
Cardio Symptoms

A
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • AV blocks
  • QT prolongation
  • risk of TdP
  • VF
29
Q

Potassium Toxicity
Peripheral Symptoms

A
  • nausea
  • sweating
  • hypoglycaemia
  • hypokalaemia
30
Q

Diagnosis

A

Potassium Toxicity

31
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 4 pharmacodynamics

A

calcium channel blockers restrict calcium ingress slowing cardiac conduction and contractiility

32
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Blockers Effects

A
  • reduce tachyarrythmias
  • antihypertensive
  • reduce cardiac workload for angina or following MI infarction
33
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Channel Blockers
3 Types

A
  • phenylalkylamines
  • benzothiazepines
  • dihydropyridines
34
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Blockers
Phenylalkylamines
cardiac vs peripheral

A
  • decrease in AV conduction
  • decrease inotropic effect
  • moderate peripheral vasodilation
35
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Blockers
Benzothiazepines
cardiac vs peripheral

A
  • milder cardiac effects
  • moderate peripheral vasodilation
36
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Blockers
Dihydropyridines
cardiac vs peripheral

A
  • peripheral vasodilation only
37
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Toxicity
Neuro Symptoms

A
  • headache
  • ALOC
  • seizures/coma, rare and show late stage
38
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Toxicity
Respiratory Symptoms

A
  • depression progressing to failure
39
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Toxicity
Cardio Symptoms

A
  • peripheral vasodilation
  • refractory hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • AV block
  • complete block
40
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Calcium Toxicity
Peripheral Symptoms

A
  • hyperglycaemia
  • ketoacidosis
  • renal failure
41
Q

Diagnosis

A

Calcium Toxicity

42
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 - Digoxin
Pharmocodynamics

A

inhibits function of the NA/K pump increasing intracellular sodium and restricting calcium loss

43
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 - Digoxin
Effects

A
  • contractility increases improving CO
  • decreased automaticity decreasing HR
  • increased refractory period decreases arrythmia risk
44
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 - Digoxin
Neuro Symptoms

A
  • headache
  • visual disturbances
  • agitation
  • ALOC
  • fatigue
45
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 - Digoxin
Respiratory Symptoms
(1)

A
  • dependent on CNS status
46
Q

Cardiovascular Drugs
Class 5 - Digoxin
Cardio Symptoms
(4)

A
  • dysrhythmias & heart blocks (vary by pt)
  • high risk of PVCs
  • high risk of VT
  • high risk of VF

Paramedical Emergency 3 (12 decks)

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