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Anatomy 1410 > Cardiovascular System Topic 7 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Gas transport, nutrients, hormones, waste

- Protection from disease and fluid loss (clotting)

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Endcardium
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3
Q

What tissue type is epicardium?

A

stratified squamous

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4
Q

What pattern is the mycardium arranged in?

A

spiral or circular pattern

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5
Q

what tissue type is the endcardium?

A

simple squamous

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6
Q

What are the 4 chambers + associated blood vessels of the endcardium?

A
  • Right atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left ventricle
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7
Q

What veins are associated with the Right Atrium?

A
  • Inferior vena cava

- Coronary sinus (posterior)

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8
Q

What veins are associated with the left atrium?

A

4 pulmonary veins

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9
Q

What arteries are associated with the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary trunk -> divides from 2 pulmonary arteries

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10
Q

What is associated with the left ventricle?

A

aorta

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11
Q

What does the interartrial septum separate?

A

separates artia

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12
Q

What does the interventricular septum separates?

A
  • separates ventricles

- deep to interventricular

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13
Q

What is the suleus?

A

A shallow groove

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14
Q

What are the 3 functions of the fibrous skeleton?

A
  • CT around the fibres + rings betweem artia
  • Allows openings to remain open at all times
  • Provides electrical insulation-Prevents simultanous contraction of atria and ventricles
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15
Q

What are the 2 types of artioventricular valves? (AV valves)

A
  • Bicuspid

- Tricuspid

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16
Q

What side are the tricuspid on and what are their function?

A
  • Left Side

- Prevent eversion of cusps

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17
Q

What attaches the tricuspid to papillary muscles?

A

Cordae tendinae (projections of myocardium)

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18
Q

What does the semilunar aortic valve separate?

A

separates left ventricle aorta

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19
Q

What does the semilunar pulmonary valve separate?

A

Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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20
Q

Why are cardiac muscles modified/specialized?

A

conduction system that generates electrical signals

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21
Q

What are the similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 2

A
  • Striated

- has sacroplasmic reticulum and T-tubules

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22
Q

What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 3

A
  • Branched (myfibrils with sacromeres)
  • Uninucleated - never more than 2
  • interculeated discs(region where two fibres meet contain anchoring gap junctions)
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23
Q

Do cardiac muscles contract?

A

NO

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24
Q

What tissue does cardiac tissue act like?

A

Nervous Tissue

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25
Q

What are the 5 parts of the conduction system?

A
  • Sinatrial node (SA)
  • Artventricular Node (AV)
  • AV bundle (bundle of HIS)
  • AV bundle branches
  • Parkinje fibres
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26
Q

Where are the AV nodes located?

A

base of right atrium

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27
Q

Where are the SA nodes located?

A

-In right atrium at base of superior vena cava

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28
Q

Which node impulses the fastest?

A

SA node-Sets pace

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29
Q

Where is the bundle of his located?

A

-Superior part of interventricular septum

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30
Q

What electrically connects atria to ventricles?

A

Bundle of HIS

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31
Q

What bundle goes to each ventricle?

A

AV bundles

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32
Q

What fibre is only located in ventricles?

A

Parkinje fibres

33
Q

What is the path of contraction?

A

Conduction sys->contractile cells->then they contract

34
Q

Why is the circulatory system “closed”?

A

blood confined to heart and blood vessels

35
Q

What are the 2 routes of circulation?

A
  • Pulmonary

- Systemic

36
Q

What is the path of thee pulmonary circulation?

A

-RV to lungs via pulmonary arteries -> ends in the LA

37
Q

Where is the deoxygenated blood flowing?

A

RV

Pulmonary Arteries

38
Q

where is the oxygenated blood flowing?

A
  • Capillaries in respiratory portions of lungs
  • Pulmonnary veins
  • LA
39
Q

Where do organs remove oxygen?

A

-at capillaries

40
Q

What are the subroutes of the systemic circulation?

A
  • Cerebral
  • Hepatic
  • Coronary
41
Q

Where does the fetus get O2, nutrients, and expel waster?

A

Mothers blood

42
Q

Where is the exchange site between mother and fetus?

A

Placenta

43
Q

Which vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to vana cava?

A

umbilical vein

44
Q

Which two organs are basically non functional in the fetus?

A
  • Liver

- Lungs

45
Q

What connects the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava?

A

Ductus venous

46
Q

What does the ductus venous bypass?

A

Liver

47
Q

In the fetus does oxy and deoxy blood mix?

A

Yes

48
Q

What organ does the foramen ovule bypass?

A

the lungs

49
Q

Where is the foramen ovule located?

A

hole in interatial septum

50
Q

What are the parts of a blood vessel?

A
  • Tunica externa
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica intima /interna
  • Lumen
51
Q

What endothelium is the tunica intima/interna?

A

simple squamous epithilium

52
Q

Where do arteries carry blood to?

A

Away from the heart

53
Q

What are the 2 types of arteries?

A
  • Elastic

- Muscular

54
Q

What is an example of an elastic artery?

A

-aorta (arteries near the heart)

55
Q

What type of artery are the biggest portion of arteries?

A

-Muscular arteries

56
Q

What regulates blood flow and blood pressure?

A

Arterioles

57
Q

Where are capillaries found?

A

Only in tunica intima - endothelium

58
Q

What does the vein artery path look like?

A

Heart->Elastic Arteries->Muscular Arteries->Arterioles ->Capillaries->Venules->Veins->Heart

59
Q

What percentage of blood is protein?

A

8%

60
Q

What percentage of blood is water?

A

90%

61
Q

The remaining 2% of blood. What is it composed of?

A
  • Nutrients
  • Hormones
  • wastes
  • Electrolytes
  • Gases
62
Q

What is another name for RBC?

A

erythrocytes

63
Q

Whats the life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

64
Q

What are the parts of the hemoglobin?

A
  • Heme-Fe pigment =Red

- Globin-attatches and transports CO2

65
Q

Whats another name for WBC?

A

leukocytes

66
Q

What is the life span of a leukocyte?

A

days to years

67
Q

What are the different types of granulocytes?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
68
Q

What are the different types of a granulocytes?

A
  • Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

69
Q

What are the formed elements portion of blood?

A
  • RBC
  • WBC
  • Platelets
  • Hemophoeisis
70
Q

What granulocyte is in charge of histamine release?

A

-Basophils

71
Q

What granulocyte attacks parasites?

A

eosinophils

72
Q

Which granulocyte is phagocytic?

A

Neutrophils

73
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?

A
  • T

- B

74
Q

What do T-lymphocytes do?

A

kill infected diseased cells directly

75
Q

What do B lymphocytes do?

A

become plasma cells->produce antibodies

76
Q

When monocytes enter what do they become?

A
  • Macrophages

- Phagocytes

77
Q

What creates the clotting of blood?

A

platelets of red bone marrow- Megakaryocytes

78
Q

Where do all blood cells arise from?

A

hemocytoblast

79
Q

Where is red marrow found in an adult?

A
  • Pelvic and pectoral girdles

- Proximal ends of the humerus and femur

Anatomy 1410 (17 decks)

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