Cardiovascular System Topic 7 Flashcards
What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Gas transport, nutrients, hormones, waste
- Protection from disease and fluid loss (clotting)
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
- Epicardium
- Myocardium
- Endcardium
What tissue type is epicardium?
stratified squamous
What pattern is the mycardium arranged in?
spiral or circular pattern
what tissue type is the endcardium?
simple squamous
What are the 4 chambers + associated blood vessels of the endcardium?
- Right atrium
- Left Atrium
- Right Ventricle
- Left ventricle
What veins are associated with the Right Atrium?
- Inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus (posterior)
What veins are associated with the left atrium?
4 pulmonary veins
What arteries are associated with the right ventricle?
pulmonary trunk -> divides from 2 pulmonary arteries
What is associated with the left ventricle?
aorta
What does the interartrial septum separate?
separates artia
What does the interventricular septum separates?
- separates ventricles
- deep to interventricular
What is the suleus?
A shallow groove
What are the 3 functions of the fibrous skeleton?
- CT around the fibres + rings betweem artia
- Allows openings to remain open at all times
- Provides electrical insulation-Prevents simultanous contraction of atria and ventricles
What are the 2 types of artioventricular valves? (AV valves)
- Bicuspid
- Tricuspid
What side are the tricuspid on and what are their function?
- Left Side
- Prevent eversion of cusps
What attaches the tricuspid to papillary muscles?
Cordae tendinae (projections of myocardium)
What does the semilunar aortic valve separate?
separates left ventricle aorta
What does the semilunar pulmonary valve separate?
Right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Why are cardiac muscles modified/specialized?
conduction system that generates electrical signals
What are the similarities between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 2
- Striated
- has sacroplasmic reticulum and T-tubules
What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? 3
- Branched (myfibrils with sacromeres)
- Uninucleated - never more than 2
- interculeated discs(region where two fibres meet contain anchoring gap junctions)
Do cardiac muscles contract?
NO
What tissue does cardiac tissue act like?
Nervous Tissue
What are the 5 parts of the conduction system?
- Sinatrial node (SA)
- Artventricular Node (AV)
- AV bundle (bundle of HIS)
- AV bundle branches
- Parkinje fibres
Where are the AV nodes located?
base of right atrium
Where are the SA nodes located?
-In right atrium at base of superior vena cava
Which node impulses the fastest?
SA node-Sets pace
Where is the bundle of his located?
-Superior part of interventricular septum
What electrically connects atria to ventricles?
Bundle of HIS
What bundle goes to each ventricle?
AV bundles
What fibre is only located in ventricles?
Parkinje fibres
What is the path of contraction?
Conduction sys->contractile cells->then they contract
Why is the circulatory system “closed”?
blood confined to heart and blood vessels
What are the 2 routes of circulation?
- Pulmonary
- Systemic
What is the path of thee pulmonary circulation?
-RV to lungs via pulmonary arteries -> ends in the LA
Where is the deoxygenated blood flowing?
RV
Pulmonary Arteries
where is the oxygenated blood flowing?
- Capillaries in respiratory portions of lungs
- Pulmonnary veins
- LA
Where do organs remove oxygen?
-at capillaries
What are the subroutes of the systemic circulation?
- Cerebral
- Hepatic
- Coronary
Where does the fetus get O2, nutrients, and expel waster?
Mothers blood
Where is the exchange site between mother and fetus?
Placenta
Which vein carries oxygenated blood from placenta to vana cava?
umbilical vein
Which two organs are basically non functional in the fetus?
- Liver
- Lungs
What connects the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava?
Ductus venous
What does the ductus venous bypass?
Liver
In the fetus does oxy and deoxy blood mix?
Yes
What organ does the foramen ovule bypass?
the lungs
Where is the foramen ovule located?
hole in interatial septum
What are the parts of a blood vessel?
- Tunica externa
- Tunica media
- Tunica intima /interna
- Lumen
What endothelium is the tunica intima/interna?
simple squamous epithilium
Where do arteries carry blood to?
Away from the heart
What are the 2 types of arteries?
- Elastic
- Muscular
What is an example of an elastic artery?
-aorta (arteries near the heart)
What type of artery are the biggest portion of arteries?
-Muscular arteries
What regulates blood flow and blood pressure?
Arterioles
Where are capillaries found?
Only in tunica intima - endothelium
What does the vein artery path look like?
Heart->Elastic Arteries->Muscular Arteries->Arterioles ->Capillaries->Venules->Veins->Heart
What percentage of blood is protein?
8%
What percentage of blood is water?
90%
The remaining 2% of blood. What is it composed of?
- Nutrients
- Hormones
- wastes
- Electrolytes
- Gases
What is another name for RBC?
erythrocytes
Whats the life span of a RBC?
120 days
What are the parts of the hemoglobin?
- Heme-Fe pigment =Red
- Globin-attatches and transports CO2
Whats another name for WBC?
leukocytes
What is the life span of a leukocyte?
days to years
What are the different types of granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
What are the different types of a granulocytes?
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
What are the formed elements portion of blood?
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
- Hemophoeisis
What granulocyte is in charge of histamine release?
-Basophils
What granulocyte attacks parasites?
eosinophils
Which granulocyte is phagocytic?
Neutrophils
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
- T
- B
What do T-lymphocytes do?
kill infected diseased cells directly
What do B lymphocytes do?
become plasma cells->produce antibodies
When monocytes enter what do they become?
- Macrophages
- Phagocytes
What creates the clotting of blood?
platelets of red bone marrow- Megakaryocytes
Where do all blood cells arise from?
hemocytoblast
Where is red marrow found in an adult?
- Pelvic and pectoral girdles
- Proximal ends of the humerus and femur
