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MBChB - Y1 - Semester 2 Cardio and Resp (Anatomy) > Cardiovascular System Thorax 2 (WHITE BOOKLET) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Thorax 2 (WHITE BOOKLET) Flashcards

1
Q

Which chamber of the heart forms the inferior border?

A

Right ventricle

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2
Q

Which chamger forms the superior border of the heart?

A

Left Atrium

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3
Q

Where does the aortic arch begin and terminate?

A

T4

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4
Q

Where is the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?

A

L4

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5
Q

Where is the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries?

A

L5

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6
Q

Give examples of the branches of the ascending aorta in the thorax

A

Bronchial arteries

Oesophageal arteris

Pericardial arteries

Posterior intercostal arteries (these are the only identifiable ones on a wet specimen in this list)

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7
Q

What supplies the pelvic viscera?

A

The internal iliac artery. External iliac artery becomes the common femoral

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8
Q

What is the name given to the branch of a vein?

A

A tributary

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9
Q

What does the SVC and the IVC drain respectively?

A

SVC: Head neck and upper limbs

IVC: Abdominal and pelvic cavities and lower limbs

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10
Q

Name some of the tributaries of the SVC

A

Left and right brachiocephalic veins

Azygous vein

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11
Q

Name some of the tributaries of the IVC

A

Left and right common iliac veins

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12
Q

What does the azygous venous system drain?

A

Blood from the posterior intercostal veins to the SVC

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13
Q

Where does the azygous vein lie?

A

Immediately to the right of the descending thoracic aorta

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14
Q

What component of the azygous venous system lies on the left hand side of the posterior mediastinum?

A

Accessory hemi azygous vein and the hemiazygous vein

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15
Q

Where does the hemiazygous vein drain into the azygous vein?

A

T8/T9

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16
Q

What veins drain into the hemiazygous vein?

A

Lower posterior intercostal veins and the left subcostal veins

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17
Q

What part of the spinal nerve are intercostal nerves formed from?

A

Ventral ramus

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18
Q

Which anterior chest wall veins drain into the internal thoracic artery?

A

Anterior intercostal veins

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19
Q

Which anterior chest wall arteries arise from the internal thoracic artery?

A

Anterior intercostal arteries

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20
Q

Which artery gives origin to the internal thoracic aartery?

A

Inferior region othe the subclavian artery

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21
Q

Which two veins drain the posterior intercostal veins on the left side of the posterior chest wall?

A

Hemiazygous vein and the accessory hemiazygous vein

22
Q

Where do the hemiazygous vein and the accessory hemiazygous vein drain?

A

Into the azygous vein

23
Q

Where is the thoracic duct in relation to the descending aorta and the azygous vein?

A

On the vertebral bodies between the azygous vein and the descending thoracic aorta on the right side of the posterior thoracic wall.

24
Q

Where does the right lymphatic drain?

A

Medial end of the right subclavian vein

25
Q

What is the name given to the mist inferior part of the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna Chyli

26
Q

What is the difference between the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

Radial = more superficial and larger diameter

27
Q

What is the name describing accompanying veins?

A

venae comitantes

28
Q

Inferior to which malleolus does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?

A

Medial Malleolus

29
Q

What is the epicardium, myocardium and the andocardium composed of?

A

Epicardium: Squamous epithelium

Myocardium: Cardiac muscle

Endocardium: Squamous epithelium

30
Q

Which layer of the serous pericardium is inseperably attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer of the serous pericardium

31
Q

What protective role is fullfilled by the fibrous pericardium?

A

Protects the heart from sudden overfilling and bllooning

32
Q

Where does the visceral pericardium receive autonomic innervation from?

A

T1-T4 nerves and vagus via the cardiac plexus

33
Q

What innervates the parietal and fibrous layers?

A

Mainly by the phrenic nerve

34
Q

What is the role of the auricle in an adult?

A

Increases the capacity of the atrium

35
Q

Anterior to what tubular structure does the laft atrium lie?

A

Oesophagus

36
Q

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

A

Attaches papillary muscles to the cusps of the AV valve

37
Q

Where does the right coronary artery distribute its blood?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, AV node and bundle, SA node (in a minority of cases)

38
Q

Where does the left coronary artery distribute its blood?

A

Both ventricles and the interventricular septum

Left atrium

SA node

39
Q

What drains directly into the right atrium?

A

The anterior cardiac and coronary sinus veins drain directly into the right atrium

40
Q

What are venae cordis minimae?

A

Small veins which drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart

41
Q

Where do the lymphatics from the heart drain?

A

Tracheobronchial and mediastinal (bronchopulmonary and paratracheal) lymph nodes

42
Q

Where is the cardiac plexus?

A

Situated at the bifurcation of the trachea

43
Q

Where do the sensory and pain fibres from the heart travel?

A

To spinal cord levels T1-4 in the sympathetic nerves

44
Q

What do motor fibres innervate in the heart?

A

The purkinjie cells of the SA and AV node

45
Q

Where does the heart recieve its parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation?

A

From the cardiopulmonary plexus, which receives autonomic motor fibres from the vagus nerve (parasympathetic) and spinal cord segments T1-T4

46
Q

Where does the AV node lie?

A

In the inferior part of the atrial septum

47
Q

Where does the AV bundle of his lie?

A

Within each side of the ventricular septum

48
Q

What is meant by referred pain?

A

Pain eminating from an organ but experienced somatically

49
Q

How does the Tunica intima of a muscular artery and an elastic artery differ?

A

Muscular artery - contains internal elastic lamina

50
Q

What is the difference between the tunica intima of a muscular artery vs an elastic artery?

A

Muscular: Thick! Few smooth muscle fibres, presence of external elastic lamina

Elastic Artery: Extensive elastic fibres in the form of layers

51
Q

What is the difference between muscular arteries and elastic arteries in terms of their tunica adventitia?

A

Muscular artery: Vasovasorum and broad

52
Q
A

MBChB - Y1 - Semester 2 Cardio and Resp (Anatomy) (4 decks)

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