Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiopulmonary pathology > Cardiovascular System Review > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of cardiac output? unit?

A

= SV x HR

ml/min

the amount of blood ejected in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epicardium

A

the external surface of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the base and the apex in heart?

A

the base is like the top of the cone

the apex is like the tip of the cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which part of the heart (base or apex) has more contracting movement?

A

the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the direction of inner and outer layers muscle surrounding the heart?

A

circumference around the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Term for heart muscle cells

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stroke volume (SV)

A

the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

heart rate (HR)

A

the amount of beats in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the biological character of myocardium?

A

rich in mitochondria & capillaries

highly oxidative

generate its own electrical signals

can hypertrophy with increased stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which chamber has the thickest wall of myocardium? Why?

A

left chamber

bcs it requires extra muscle to pump blood throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the external surface of the heart (epicardium) covered by?

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the heart generate its own electrical signal? Which one is the primarily?

A

via SA node (primarily)

AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the direction of between layers muscle surrounding the heart? What is the benefit of this?

A

oblique and horizontal

to push the blood up & out of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the left atrium do? left ventricle?

A

received oxygenated blood from lung

pump oxygenated blood received from left atrium to whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pacemakers cell

A

the cell that can generates its own electrical signals or carry the electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathway of left atrium received oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary veins -> mitral valve -> left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathway of left ventricle pumped oxygenated blood to whole body?

A

left ventricle -> aorta valve -> aorta -> systemic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

triscupid valve. What does it do?

A

the right aortaventricular valve

Allow blood from right atrium to right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chordae tendineae

A

the fibrous cord control that control the open and close of atrio-ventricular valves (mitral valve & triscupid valve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pathway of SA node electrical signals?

A

SA node -> both atria -> AV node -> ventricular septum -> Bundle of His -> Purkinjie fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What fibers are considered to be ventricular conduction system?

A

bundle of his

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the direction of electricals spread by Bundle of His fibers? Why it follow this directons?

A

septum -> apex -> ventricular base

to make sure the septum wall stiffen so when the left ventricle contract, it doesn’t squeeze the right chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When electrical signals travel from SA node to AV node, what happen to the signals?

What is the benefit of this?

A

the signals get slightly delayed

allowing atria to contract and empty blood into ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the right atrium & right ventricle do?

A

received deoxygenated blood from body

pump the deoxygenated blood received from right atrium to lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does the AV node transmit electrical impulses?

A

when SV node doesn’t work properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What fibers help the electrical signasl delayed from SA node to AV ndoe?

How does it help?

A

junctional fibers

it has small diameter -> low conductivity & action potentials delayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pathway of right atrium receive deoxygenated blood?

A

system veins -> vena cava (superior & inferior) -> triscupid valve -> right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pathway of right ventricle pump deoxygenated blood to lung

A

right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunnk -> pulmonary arteries -> lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

septum

A

the heart wall seperates two chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the AV biscupid valve? Where is it located?

A

mitral valve

on the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk & vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What do the coronary vessels do?

A

vessels that supply blood to the heart

33
Q

What are the characters of Bundle of His?

A

large diameter fibers with lots of gap junctions

it can adapt rapidly to action potentials

34
Q

How is the conducting velocity of Perkinjie fiber different from other?

A

Perkinjie fibers has the greatest velocity of conducting signals

35
Q

What happen during diastole phase?

A

atrium passively receive blood either from pulmonary arteries or vena cava

mitral valve/triscupid valve open while aortic valve/ pulmonary semilunar valve close

36
Q

Where is the electrical signal root that send signals from atrium to ventricle?

A

AV node

37
Q

junctional fibers

A

the fibers that has small diameter to lower conductivity & delay action potentials from SA node to AV node

38
Q

What is the structure of red arrows? purple arrows?

A

lumen

smooth muscles

39
Q

capillaries

A

the blood vessel that exchange fluids, nutrients & waste product with tissue

40
Q

atrial systole

A

the period which atrium pump the last 5-10% blood remain to fill the ventricle

41
Q

during the systole phase, what valves close/open?

A

mitral valve/ triscupid valve close

aortic valve/ pulmonary semilunar valve open

42
Q

The order of vascular system deliver and return blood?

A

aorta -> ateries -> ateriole -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> vena cava -> heart

43
Q

Which blood vessel has the largest wall of smooth muscle?

Why?

A

the aorta

because it has to deliver blood throughout body

44
Q

Which blood vessel has the greatest control of blood flow?

A

arterioles

45
Q

Assign the color arrows according to ECG peaks?

A

red = P wave

Yello = QRS complex

Purple= T wave

46
Q
A
47
Q

What is the blood pressure?

A

the pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel wall

48
Q

What does the number of arterial pressure consist of two numbers (120/90 mmHg)?

A

the systole pressures & the diastole pressure

49
Q

what is the mean arterial pressure? What is the equation to calculate this?

A

the pressure averaged over the time of heart beat

= DP + SP -DP/3

50
Q

Which blood vessel has the largest lumen?

Why?

A

veins

because it needs to return the greatest amount of blood back to heart

51
Q

Explain what happen according to each peak

P wave =?

QRS complex = ?

T wave =?

A

atrial systole

ventricular systole

ventricular diastole

52
Q

As the blood travel from aorta -> arteriole -> arteries -> capillaries, how does the cross sectional area change?

A

it increases although the area of each vessel gets smaller

53
Q

What is the blood flow & its unit?

A

the total amount volume of blood travel in a second (or minute/ hour)

54
Q

What is the velocity of blood flow?

A

the total amount of blood volume travel per second per cross sectional area

flow/ cross sectional area (cm3/sec/cm2 = cm/sec)

55
Q

How does the total blood volume vary? Give example

A

with body size and state of training

lean body mass & indurance training has higher blood volume

56
Q

Components of blood

A

plasma (55-60%)

formed elements (40-45%)

57
Q

What is the equation of blood flow?

A

= driving force / resistance to flow

58
Q

What is the equation of resistance to flow?

A

(viscosity of blood x length of vessels)/ (radius of vessel)4

59
Q

What blood vessel does the significant amount of blood stay in?

A

vein (~65%)

60
Q

90% of plasma is _____?

7% of plasma is _____?

3% of _____?

A

water

plasma proteins

small molecules

61
Q

What blood vessel has the smallest velocity of blood flow?

Why?

A

capillaries

because it need to exchanges fluids, nutrients & waste with other tissues

62
Q

What factor significantly influence the blood flow?

A

the radius of blood vessel

63
Q

How does the blood flow velocity change in blood vessel system?

A

it decreases from aorta -> arterioles -> arteries -> capillaries. then increases -> venules -> veins -> vena cava

64
Q

What are the components of formed elements in blood?

99% of formed elements is ______?

A

red blood cell, white blood cell & platelets

red blood cell

65
Q

What happen to % of plasma of blood when exercise intensly in heat?

A

decrease 10%

66
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

the amount of formed elements over the total blood volume

67
Q

“capacitance” vessel

why is it called this way?

A

veins

because they can act as reservoir of blood available to be distributed back to the heart

68
Q

How does the blood return to the heart?

A

vasoconstriction of smooth muscle

valves in vein insure that blood advance to the heart

contraction of skeletal muscles along the side of veins

inspiration

69
Q

chemoreceptors

A

the receptor that monitor the blood level of CO2, pH & O2

70
Q

where do the chemoreceptors locate?

A

aortic arch & carotid bifurcation

71
Q

what happen in the beginning and during exercise?

A

motor cortex recruits more muscles

signals are sent to cardiovascular center in medulla oblongata -> increase HR & amount blood flow to existing tissues

72
Q

How does the inspiration help return blood to heart from vein?

A

inspiration lower the thoracic and increase abdominal pressure -> moving blood from abdominal veins to thorax ->atrium

73
Q

baroreceptors

A

the mechanoreceptors that monitor the blood pressure

74
Q

How many percent does plasma of blood volume consist of? formed elements?

A

55%-60%

40%-45%

75
Q

What will happen to the cortical stimulation of medulla when size of muscle mass activated in exercise increase?

A

they increase

76
Q

What happen to the % plasma of blood with endurance training?

A

increase with 10%

77
Q

Where do the baroreceptors locate?

A

aortic arch and carotid bifurcation arteries

78
Q

What is the mechanism of baroreceptors to counter increased BP?

A

stretches in arterial wall -> baroreceptors activation -> vagus tone increase -> HR decreases

79
Q

If there is a rise in CO2 or drop in O2, what will result?

A

the cardiac output increases

Cardiopulmonary pathology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions