Cardiovascular System During Exercise Flashcards
What are the two main changes in the cardiovascular system during exercise?
Heart rate increases
Body demands more oxygen to be delivered to skeletal muscles
How does heart rate change before exercise?
There is an anticipatory rise, the body prepares the body to be physically active and for the increase in oxygen demand
How does heart rate change during exercise?
Heart rate matches the demand for oxygen and plateaus
How does heart rate change at recovery?
Heart rate remains elevated to ensure the removal of waste products and the repayment of oxygen debt
What is an example of submaximal exercise?
Marathon running
What is an example of maximal exercise?
200m sprint
What is an example of varied exercise?
Football
What is heart rate value during moderate exercise?
115BPM
What is stroke volume during moderate exercise?
90ml
What is cardiac output during moderate exercise?
10 L/Min
Give an example of moderate exercise.
Jogging
What is the overall effect of moderate exercise on the heart?
A rise in all heart values
What is heart rate during high intensity exercise?
135BPM
What is stroke volume for an untrained individual during high intensity exercise?
110ml
What is stroke volume for a trained athlete during high intensity exercise?
160ml
What is cardiac output for an untrained athlete during high intensity exercise?
14.85 L/Min
What is cardiac output for a trained athlete during high intensity exercise?
21.6 L/Min
What is the overall effect on the heart during high intensity exercise?
A substantial increase in all values
How do heart values change during recovery?
Heart values suddenly drop and then reduce gradually
What effect does recovery have on stroke volume?
Stroke volume remains elevated to ensure:
- Waste products are removed
- Oxygen debt is repaid
What is the vascular shunt mechanism?
Blood is directed away from low priority areas and towards high priority areas
What does the vasomotor control centre do?
Regulates blood flow
What does the sympathetic nervous system cause?
Arteries to vasoconstrict or vasodilate.
Where is the vasomotor centre found?
The medulla oblongata
What is vasoconstriction?
Arteries narrow to supply less blood to non-essential tissues
What is vasodilation?
Arteries widen to supply more blood to working muscles
What are arterioles?
Branches of arteries that can constrict or dilate to control blood flow to the capillaries
What happens in the capillaries?
Oxygen exchange
What are precapillary sphincters?
Smooth muscle between the arteries and capillaries that redirect blood to different muscles if they are closed, to sphincters that are open
How does the vascular shunt mechanism change during recovery?
More blood is allowed to the muscles and then blood allowed gradually reduces
