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PE 1.1.b > Cardiovascular System at Rest > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System at Rest Flashcards

1
Q

What are arteries?

A

Arteries take blood away from the heart.

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2
Q

What are veins?

A

Veins take blood into the heart.

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3
Q

Where does blood from regions above the heart enter from?

A

The superior vena cava.

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4
Q

Where does blood from regions below the heart enter from?

A

The inferior vena cava.

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5
Q

Why are muscular walls around the left ventricle thicker?

A

To send blood a larger distance.

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6
Q

What do valves do?

A

Valves control the direction of blood flow, preventing the back flow of blood.

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7
Q

What are atrioventricular valves?

A

Valves between the atria and ventricles.

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8
Q

What are the AV valves on the right?

A

Tricuspid.

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9
Q

What are the AV valves on the left?

A

Bicuspid.

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10
Q

What are semilunar valves?

A

Valves on the exit points of the heart (Pulmonary Valve and Aortic Valve)

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11
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The amount of times the heart beats per minute.

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12
Q

What is heart rate measured in?

A

BPM.

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13
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat.

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14
Q

What is stroke volume measured in?

A

ml.

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15
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate.

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16
Q

What is cardiac output measured in?

A

Litres/minute.

17
Q

What is the function of the cardiac cycle?

A

To transport blood to the bodies muscles.

18
Q

What happens in diastole?

A

The heart relaxes and fills with blood.

19
Q

What is ventricular systole?

A

Ventricles contract to push blood to the pulmonary artery and aorta. The semilunar valves open to allow this, then close to prevent back flow.

20
Q

What is systole as a whole?

A

The heart contracts and squeezes to release blood.

21
Q

What happens in atrial systole?

A

Atria contracts to move any excess blood to the ventricles.

22
Q

What is the conduction system?

A

A system of specialised muscle cells that send an impulse to the rest of the heart muscle during a contraction.

23
Q

What does myogenic mean?

A

The heart muscle creates its own electrical impulse.

24
Q

What is the synoatrial node?

A

The pacemaker, it creates the electrical impulse and regulates heart rate in line with body demand.

25
Q

What does the impulse created by the SA node cause?

A

The atria to contract.

26
Q

What does the atrioventricular node do?

A

Delays the next contraction to allow the ventricles to fill with blood. Atrial depolarisation.

27
Q

What happens when the AV valves close in the cardiac cycle and conduction system?

A

The signal travels to the Bundle of His and Purkinje fibres.

28
Q

What is the Bundle of His?

A

A group of conduction cells that consist of purkinje fibres and split into left and right.

29
Q

What do purkinje fibres do?

A

They cause ventricular depolarisation and are found in the ventricular walls.

PE 1.1.b (5 decks)

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