cardiovascular system and respiratory system Flashcards
what happens on the right side of the heart
deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through vena cava
right atrium contracts, forcing blood through a valve into the right ventricle
the right ventricle contracts and blood is forced through a valve to the pulmonary artery which brings blood to lungs
where gases are oxygenated and blood is oxygenated
what happens on the left side of the heart
oxygenated blood enters left atrium through pulmonary vein
left atrium contracts pushing blood into left ventricle
left ventricle contracts pushing blood through a valve into the aorta
this transports blood to muscles around the body, when the muscles use the oxygen, the blood is deoxygenated again
what is diastole
relaxing of the heart causing filling of blood
what is systole
contracting of blood causing exit of blood
what is the role of valves
open to let blood fill the chambers and close to prevent backflow (when blood travels wrong way)
how are arteries adapted
carry blood away from the heart and have thick muscular walls to withstand high blood pressure
how are veins adapted
carry blood to the heart
thinner walls and muscle as they carry low pressure blood
how are capillaries adapted
thin walls for easy substance exchange
very narrow so can fit in more places and blood flows slowly to provide enough time for gas exchange
high surface area for more gas exchange
outline the structure of the respiratory system
air is inhaled through the nose and passed to trachea down to the bronchi which split into bronchioles and then alveoli for gas exchange
describe what happens to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation
contract to move ribs up and expand chest cavity, decreasing air pressure and drawing air in to the lungs
how are alveoli adapted
thin walls
good blood supply
large surface area
how does deoxygenated blood become oxygenated
oxygenated blood delivers oxygen to the body and returns back to the heart deoxygenated
this blood is pumped to the lungs where carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries to the alveoli so it can be breathed out
oxygen from the air you breath moves from the alveoli to the red blood cells where it is transported back to the heart
what is tidal volume
the amount of air you breath in in one breath
what is inspiratory reserve volume
the extra breath you still have following a normal breath in
what is expiratory reserve volume
the extra breath you still have after exhalation
what is residual volume
air left in lungs following deep breath
what is aerobic respiration
exercise in the presence of using oxygen
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + energy + water
what is anaerobic respiration
exercise in the absence of oxygen or without enough oxygen
it produces lactic acid used in short duration exercise
what are carbohydrates
the body’s main source of fuel, predominantly used in aerobic exercise
what are fats
used for fuel in low intensity exercise
