cardiovascular system and exercise

Question 1

the two linked circuits in the human circulation is

Answer 1

pulmonary and systemic circuts

Question 2

what does the pulmonary circulation do

Answer 2

transports blood to and from the lungs then picks up oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation

Question 3

what does the systemic circulation do

Answer 3

transports oxygenated blood to every tissue then picks up deoxygenated blood and coo2 to the heart

Question 4

the right part of the heart receives blood from where and takes blood to where

Answer 4

venous system

lungs

Question 5

the left part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from where and pumps to where

Answer 5

lungs

tissue

Question 6

what is found on the posterior and superior part of the heart

Answer 6

base

Question 7

what is found on the anterior and inferior part of the heart

Answer 7

apex

Question 8

what are the four cardiac tissue of the heart

Answer 8

pericardium
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium

Question 9

what are the heart chambers and valves

Answer 9

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

Question 10

functions of each of the chambers and valves

Answer 10

right atrium…… they recieve blood from the inferior and superior vena cava
left atrium….. recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein

right ventricle…. takes blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
left ventricle ,,,, takes blood to the whole body through the aorta

Question 11

between the two ventricle is a second septum known as

Answer 11

interventricular septum

Question 12

the septum btw the atria and ventricles is known as

Answer 12

atrioventricular septum

Question 13

what are the semilunar valves

Answer 13

the valves at the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 14

the types of valves

Answer 14

aortic valve
mitral or bicuspid
pulmonary
tricuspid

Question 15

describe the artries and its function

Answer 15

the largest most elastic and muscular

takes away o2 blood from the heart to the atrioles

Question 16

what are the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart

Answer 16

right coronary artery 
left main coronary artery 
left anterior decending artery 
circumflex artery 
posterior descending artery

Question 17

what are the special cells that are the conduction system of the heart

Answer 17

purkinje fibers
AV bundles
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node

Question 18

during diastole what happens to the ventricles

Answer 18

they repolarize and refill with blood

Question 19

functions of the ecg

Answer 19

determine the state of the conducting system of the heart

check the myocardium if its damaged

Question 20

the waves that represent the ecg graph

Answer 20

PQRST waves
p… atrial depolarization
Q.depolarization of his bumdle
R..main spread of depolarization
S,,,,subsequent depolarization of ventricles
T…. repolarization of the myocardium after systole is complete

Question 21

the all or none law

Answer 21

the strength at which a muscle or nerve fiber resonds to a stimulus is dependent on the strength of the nerve or muscle strength

Question 22

the cardiovascular system is innervated by

Answer 22

autonomic nervous system

Question 23

when does the pns become dominant

Answer 23

during basal conditions

Question 24

when does the sns become dominant

Answer 24

during any form of stress

Question 25

what is the average heart beat for an average person

Answer 25

60-80 | 28-40 for athletes

Question 26

what is tachychardia and bradycardia respecively

Answer 26

heart rate beats more than 100 | not a trained athlete that has a heart rate of below 60

Question 27

heart rate can be determined through

Answer 27

palpation ecg ausculation heart rate monitor

Question 28

what is hr max

Answer 28

highest value achieved in effort to the point of exhaustion

Question 29

the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle to the herat in one contraction is what

Answer 29

stroke volume

Question 30

what are the determinants of stroke volume

Answer 30

preload afterload ventricular distensibility ventricular contractibility

Question 31

factors that increase stroke volume

Answer 31

frank starling mechanism increased contractility decreased afterload

Question 32

what is cardiac output

Answer 32

volume of the blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute | and the product of heart rate X stroke volume

Question 33

reasons why there is an increase in cardiac output

Answer 33

to meet the muscles demand for nutrients and o2 | to remove all muscle waste products

Question 34

the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of a contraction or systole and in the beginning of a filling or distole

Answer 34

end systolic volume

Question 35

the main factors that affect the end systolic volume

Answer 35

afterload and contractility of the heart

Question 36

what is the end diastolic volume

Answer 36

volume of blood in the right and left ventricle at the end load amount of blood in the ventricles before the systole

Question 37

functions of the cardiovascular system in resoponse to exercises

Answer 37

to supply adequte oxygenated blood to the exercising muscle to meet the metabolic demand during exercises to facilitate oxygen consumption of the body

Question 38

short term effects include

Answer 38

increased stroke volume increased heart rate increases cardiac pressure increased blood pressure

Question 39

long term effects include

Answer 39

``` cardiac hypertrophy increased skeletal muscle blood flow redistribution of blood flow lower resting heart rate blood volume increased reb BC increase in capillarisation ```