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exersice physiology and nutrition > cardiovascular system and exercise > Flashcards

cardiovascular system and exercise Flashcards

1
Q

the two linked circuits in the human circulation is

A

pulmonary and systemic circuts

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2
Q

what does the pulmonary circulation do

A

transports blood to and from the lungs then picks up oxygen and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation

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3
Q

what does the systemic circulation do

A

transports oxygenated blood to every tissue then picks up deoxygenated blood and coo2 to the heart

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4
Q

the right part of the heart receives blood from where and takes blood to where

A

venous system

lungs

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5
Q

the left part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from where and pumps to where

A

lungs

tissue

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6
Q

what is found on the posterior and superior part of the heart

A

base

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7
Q

what is found on the anterior and inferior part of the heart

A

apex

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8
Q

what are the four cardiac tissue of the heart

A

pericardium
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium

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9
Q

what are the heart chambers and valves

A

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

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10
Q

functions of each of the chambers and valves

A

right atrium…… they recieve blood from the inferior and superior vena cava
left atrium….. recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein

right ventricle…. takes blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
left ventricle ,,,, takes blood to the whole body through the aorta

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11
Q

between the two ventricle is a second septum known as

A

interventricular septum

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12
Q

the septum btw the atria and ventricles is known as

A

atrioventricular septum

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13
Q

what are the semilunar valves

A

the valves at the openings that lead to the pulmonary trunk and aorta

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14
Q

the types of valves

A

aortic valve
mitral or bicuspid
pulmonary
tricuspid

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15
Q

describe the artries and its function

A

the largest most elastic and muscular

takes away o2 blood from the heart to the atrioles

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16
Q

what are the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart

A 
right coronary artery 
left main coronary artery 
left anterior decending artery 
circumflex artery 
posterior descending artery
17
Q

what are the special cells that are the conduction system of the heart

A

purkinje fibers
AV bundles
sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node

18
Q

during diastole what happens to the ventricles

A

they repolarize and refill with blood

19
Q

functions of the ecg

A

determine the state of the conducting system of the heart

check the myocardium if its damaged

20
Q

the waves that represent the ecg graph

A

PQRST waves
p… atrial depolarization
Q.depolarization of his bumdle
R..main spread of depolarization
S,,,,subsequent depolarization of ventricles
T…. repolarization of the myocardium after systole is complete

21
Q

the all or none law

A

the strength at which a muscle or nerve fiber resonds to a stimulus is dependent on the strength of the nerve or muscle strength

22
Q

the cardiovascular system is innervated by

A

autonomic nervous system

23
Q

when does the pns become dominant

A

during basal conditions

24
Q

when does the sns become dominant

A

during any form of stress

25
Q

what is the average heart beat for an average person

A

60-80

28-40 for athletes

26
Q

what is tachychardia and bradycardia respecively

A

heart rate beats more than 100

not a trained athlete that has a heart rate of below 60

27
Q

heart rate can be determined through

A

palpation
ecg
ausculation
heart rate monitor

28
Q

what is hr max

A

highest value achieved in effort to the point of exhaustion

29
Q

the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle to the herat in one contraction is what

A

stroke volume

30
Q

what are the determinants of stroke volume

A

preload
afterload
ventricular distensibility
ventricular contractibility

31
Q

factors that increase stroke volume

A

frank starling mechanism
increased contractility
decreased afterload

32
Q

what is cardiac output

A

volume of the blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute

and the product of heart rate X stroke volume

33
Q

reasons why there is an increase in cardiac output

A

to meet the muscles demand for nutrients and o2

to remove all muscle waste products

34
Q

the volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of a contraction or systole and in the beginning of a filling or distole

A

end systolic volume

35
Q

the main factors that affect the end systolic volume

A

afterload and contractility of the heart

36
Q

what is the end diastolic volume

A

volume of blood in the right and left ventricle at the end load
amount of blood in the ventricles before the systole

37
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system in resoponse to exercises

A

to supply adequte oxygenated blood to the exercising muscle
to meet the metabolic demand during exercises
to facilitate oxygen consumption of the body

38
Q

short term effects include

A

increased stroke volume
increased heart rate
increases cardiac pressure
increased blood pressure

39
Q

long term effects include

A 
cardiac hypertrophy 
increased skeletal muscle blood flow 
redistribution of blood flow 
lower resting heart rate 
blood volume 
increased reb BC 
increase in capillarisation

exersice physiology and nutrition (6 decks)

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