CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards
What is Arteriosclerosis?
Art =hard
Hardening of arteries,
Loss of elasticity
Leads to high blood pressure
What is Atherosclerosis
(F)ATtherosclerosis
Ath=narrow
Narrowing of arteries due to lipid deposits.
What is coronary heart disease?
CHD
Arteries affected by arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Demand for oxygen greater than can be supplied = myocardial ishaemia»_space;pain (angina)
What is normal blood pressure
90-120 systolic over 60-80 diastolic
Pre high blood pressure
120-140:80-90
Hypertension
More than 140 over 90
Blood pressure Short term adaptation to exercise
Systolic increases with intensity (heavy resistance training not recommended for those with high blood pressure)
Diastolic stays the same
Blood pressure long term adaptation to exercuse
Blood pressure can be reduced up to 10mmHg with endurance-type cardio
Longer diastole phase = improves coronoary blood flow
What is valsalva effect
Holding breath during exertion. Dangerous for those with cardio vasc disease , pregnant
What are the other short term adaptations during exercise
Heart rate increases
Stroke volume increases
Blood flow diverted away from digestion by vasoconstriction and towards muscles by vasodilation
Blood flow increases from 250 cm2 to 1000cm2
What are the long term adaptations to exercise
Heart rate decreases (normal heart rate = 70-80, active 50-60) Cardiac output increases Increased blood volume Increased red blood cells Better circulation Hypertrophy of myocardium esp left ventricle Recovery times improve Stroke volume increases
What’s the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation
Pulmonary to and from lungs
Systemic all around the body
Which are the semi lunar valves
Between the atriums and ventricles
Pulmonary (right) nd aortic (left) valve
Which are the arterioventricular valves
Tricuspid (right)
Bicuspid or mitral (left)
What is tidal volume?
The air moved in and out of the lungs in one breath
It increases with long term excercise
