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Bio 152 Cell Biology > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

Draw and label a sarcomere when relaxed and contracted

A

see diagrams.

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2
Q

Which band in sliding filament model gets smaller upon contraction?

A

I band

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3
Q

What is the name of the theory that muscle contraction is based on?

A

cross-bridge theory.

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4
Q

What 2 components make up an actin filament?

A

d

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5
Q

What triggers contraction?

A

Ca ion released from Sarcoplasmic reticulum into sarcoplasm.

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6
Q

Describe the 7 steps of muscle contraction?

A
  1. Ca2+ released from Sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  2. Ca2+ in sarcoplasm binds to troponin and exposes myosin binding sites under tropomyosin.
  3. myosin head binds to actin - ADP released.
  4. power stroke - myosin head changes conformation - filaments slide past one another.
    5.
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7
Q

What is the role of troponin?

A

r

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8
Q

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

A

.s

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9
Q

How is muscle contraction terminated?

A

.s

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10
Q

What is a muscle made from (3 levels)?

A

.s

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11
Q

What affects blood pressure?

A

.s

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12
Q

What affects cardiac output?

A

s.

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13
Q

What affects vascular resistance?

A

.s

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14
Q

What affects blood volume?

A

.s

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15
Q

What causes changes in these bp, cardiac output & blood volume?

A

.s

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16
Q

BP is controlled by __________________ systems (general type of regulatory system).

A

.s

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17
Q

What are the 4 BP control systems?

A

.s

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18
Q

What types of receptors are there in the cardiovascular centre? What do they detect?

A

.s

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19
Q

What input does the CNS provide the CV centre? From where and what does the signal signify?

A

.s

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20
Q

What is the CV output to the heart? What are the 2 nerves? What do they cause?

A

.s

21
Q

How does the ANS affect heart rate? Both sympathetic and para? Via what pathways?

A

s.

22
Q

Where do sympathetic nerves run to and from?

A

.s

23
Q

What neurotransmitter do cardiac accelerator nerves release?
What does this neurotransmitter cause inside the cells?
What is the result of this on heart rate

A

.s

24
Q

What is the para nerve? Where does it run to?
What neurotransmitter does it release?
What is its effect on heart rate?
How does it effect contractility?

A

.s

25
Q

What are the impacts of having TOO low blood pressure?

A

.s

26
Q

In patients of what disease is low blood pressure a particular problem?

A

.s

27
Q

Name the categories of blood vessels.

A

.s

28
Q

At rest where is most of our blood? What percentage? How much is in the other vessels?

A

.s

29
Q

What are the layers of a blood vessel?

A

s.

30
Q

Sketch a capillary, artery and vein and label the layers

A

.s

31
Q

What is the role of an artery?

A

.s

32
Q

What is the difference between an artery and an arteriole?

A

.s

33
Q

What is the role of a capillary?

A

.s

34
Q

What are the 3 types of capillary? What are their roles?

A

.s

35
Q

What is the difference between a vein and a venule?

A

.ss

36
Q

What is the role of veins/venules?

A

.s

37
Q

What is the process by which smooth muscle relaxes to let blood into the capillary bed and out again?

A

.s

38
Q

What is the purpose of a capillary bed?

A

.s

39
Q

What is between an arteriole and a capillary

A

s.

40
Q

What are the 3 ways that substances can be exchanged through capillaries? Give examples of types of molecules for each

A

s.

41
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

.s

42
Q

What is the heart surrounded by? What are the layers called?

A

.s

43
Q

What are the layer of the heart wall and what are they made from?

A

s.

44
Q

From the lungs to the body describe, in the correct order the vessels and chambers describe the path of a blood vessel

A

.s

45
Q

What are the heart nodes? Where are they?

A

.s

46
Q

Describe the heart beat cycle

A

.s

47
Q

Draw and label an ECG

A

.s

48
Q

Draw and label a ventricular action potential

A

.s

49
Q

Describe the ion movements that occur at different stages in this AP

A

.s

Bio 152 Cell Biology (7 decks)

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