CardioVascular System Flashcards
The heart makes the sounds “Lub” and “Dub” which correspond with the heart sounds S 1 and S2, respectively. What creates the S2 heart sound?
A. The closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve
B. The opening of the tricuspid and mitral valve
C. The closure of the semilunar valves
D. The opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves
- C
Pulmonary Valve, Aortic Valve aka Semilunar Valves
LAB RAT (Left Atrium Biscuspid Valve, Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve)
On an electrocardiogram, ECG, what does the QRS complex represent? A. Atrial depolarization B. Ventricular depolarization C. Atrial repolarization D. Both b and c E. Both a and b F. None of the above
- B
QRS complex: represents ventricular depolarization (Ventricular contraction)
P wave: represents atrial depolarization (atrial contraction)
T wave: represents ventricular repolarization (ventricular relaxation)
What drug may be indicated to prevent blood clots in a patient who has atrial fibrillation? A. Coumadin B. Lasix C. Lisinopril D. Alpha 1 blocker
- A
Coumadin aka Warfarin causes anticoagulation
SE: bleeding, skin tissue necrosis, teratogenicity (malformations of development embryo or fetus. tf CI in pregnancy)
What is the main side effect of antiarrhythmic drugs? A. Kidney damage · B. Causes arrhythmia C. Insomnia D. Headache
4. B Anti Arrhythmic Drugs: Class I - Na (sodium) channel blocker Class II - Beta blocker Class III - K (potassium) channel blocker Class IV - Calcium Channel blockers SE: all cause arrhythmia
The earliest sign of hypertension in Western medicine is A. Dark urine B. Hematuria C. Spontaneous nosebleed D. Insomnia
- C
This test is ordered when a patient is suspected of having a heart attack, "MI." A. ECG and isoenzymes B. Echocardiogram C. EEG D. EMG
- A
A patient is taking furosemide, Lasix. What must the patient be aware of as a side-effect? A. Increased appetite B. Increased K C. Dehydration D. Insomnia
- C
Which of the following symptoms is LEAST associated with Raynaud's Phenomenon, which results in decreased blood flow to skin due to vasospasm of the small vessels? A. Triggered by cold B. Triggered by heat C. Related to SLE D. Triggered by emotional stress
- B
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to blood as it travels through the cardiovascular system:
A. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the left atrium, then passes through the tricuspid valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the right atrium.
B. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary veins to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary artery
toward the left atrium, then passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the right atrium.
C. Blood in the left ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the right atrium, then passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the left atrium.
D. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the left atrium, then passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena cava to the right atrium
- D
A patient comes to the clinic with a blood pressure reading of 120/90. What condition may this patient have. A. Normal blood pressure B. Pre-hypertension C. Stage 1 hypertension D. Stage 2 hypertension E. More than one is correct
- E
What is a severe side effect of statin medication?
A. Elevated liver enzymes
B. Lower cholesterol levels
C. Deposition of lipid in blood vessel walls
D. Red, flushed face
- A
end in -statin (Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, simvastatin)
blocks the enzyme HMB CoA Reductase, an important enzyme in the formation of Cholestrol in the cells of the liver.
SE: liver damage, which causes release of liver enzyme from damaged liver cells.
This disease is common in those of Asian ethnicity, is acute and self-limiting, and primarily affects infants and children. A. Buerger's disease B. Takayasu's arteritis C. Temporal arteritis D. Kawasaki disease
- D
Kawasaki Disease: vasculitis that affects medium sized blood vessels. Common in young Asian children
Which set of signs/symptoms best matches left heart failure. A. Ankle, sacral edema B. Jugular venous distention C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea D. Cardiac dilation
- C
Which set of side effects is common with use of niacin?
A. Red, flushed face, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
B. Elevated liver function tests, rhabdomyolysis
C. GI discomfort and decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins
D. Myositis, elevated liver function tests, cholesterol gallstone
- A
Niacin: inhibits fat breakdown in fatty (adipose) tissue
SE: flushed face, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), hyper-uricemia (high uric acid content in blood)
Which of the following choices correctly matches the class of antiarrhythmic drugs with its mechanism of action?
A. Class INa Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class III Ca Channel Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
B. Class INa Channel Blocker, Class II K Blocker, Class III Beta Blocker, Class IV Ca Channel blocker
C. Class I Ca Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class III Na Channel Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
D. Class I Ca Channel Blocker, Class II Na Blocker, Class III Beta Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
E. Class I Na Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class II K Channel Blocker, Class IV Ca Channel blocker
- E
16. In a patient with an acute episode of congestive heart failure you expect the patient to be A. Laying on left side B. Supine C. Sitting up D. Laying on right side
- C
Postprandial hypotension usually occurs A. After meals B. After standing C. After exertion D. Before meals
- A
What can be heard at the junction of the 5th intercostal space and the mid-clavicular line? A. The mitral valve B. The chordae tendinae C. The aortic valve D. The tricuspid valve
- A
Which of the following symptoms is not part of a heart attack?
A. Pain in jaw, back, or left arm
B. Fever
C. Pain in middle of chest
D. Lips, hands, or feet may tum slightly blue
- B
When listening to the heart for aortic stenosis what diagnostic sound are you listening for? A. Murmur B. Lub C. Dub D. Bruit
- A
The two major systolic murmurs are Mitral Regurgitation and Aortic Stenosis (MR S AS S)
The two major diastolic murmurs are Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Regurgitation
Stenosis: when a heart valve should be open, but cannot open as wide as it should
Regurgitation: when a heart valve should be closed, but cannot fully close, resulting in leaking and back-flow
Which of the following are not warning signs of a stroke?
A. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
B. Sudden chest pain
C. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
D. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
E. Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
- B
Upon auscultating a patient with atrial fibrillation you expect to hear A. Midsystolic click B. Irregularly irregular rhythm C. Fast regular rhythm D. Regularly irregular rhythm
- B
Most people having an MI describe the chest pain A. As gradually increasing B. As continuous, crushing and squeezing C. As intermittent and knife like D. As a vibration that pulses
- B
Major risk factors, other than high blood pressure, for heart disease and stroke Include all of the following except A. Overexercising B. High cholesterol C. Smoking D. Family history of heart disease
- A
Which of the following is more likely to contribute to high blood pressure A. Salt/sodium intake B. Physical activity C. Ice cream D. High cholesterol level
- A
Which of the following may be dangerous for people with high blood pressure? A. Microwaves B. Physical activity C. Cold and flu medicines D. Eggs
- C
What test is used to diagnose aortic stenosis? A. Holter monitor B. Electrocardiogram C. Angiography D. Echocardiogram
- D
Which of the following is the most desirable blood pressure reading? A. 140/80 B. 180/110 C. lower than 120/80 D. 130/90
- D
When listening to the carotid artery with a stethoscope what diagnostic sound are you listening for? A. Murmur B. Lub C. Bruit D. Dub
- D
It is commonly reported by a person experiencing a MI that the discomfort radiates to A. Lower back B. The top of his head C. His shoulder and arm D. Belly
- C
A 55 year-old male has angina. The doctor prescribed a calcium channel blocker. What the drug prescription? A. Nifedipine B. Alendronate C. Darifenacin D. Brompheniramine
- A
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem)
Action: block calcium channels of cardiac and smooth muscle. Normal function of calcium is to make muscle contract. By blocking the calcium channels, the cardiac muscle is prevented from contraction.
SE: Atrioventricular (AV) block, peripheral edema, constipation
Where is the atrioventricular node (AV node) located?
A. Between the left atrium and right atrium
B. Between the atria and ventricles
C. On the left ventricle
D. On the right ventricle
- B
The second heart sound, the dub of lub-dub, is the sound of the A. Mitral and tricuspic valves closing B. Aortic and pulmonary valves closing C. Aortic and pulmonary valves opening D. Mitral and tricuspid valves opening
- B
The sinus or sinoatrial node is the heart's A. Oxygenation process B. Pacemaker C. Muscle D. Waste product remover
- B
Oxygenated blood from the lungs flows from the pulmonary veins into A. The left ventricle B. The left atrium C. The right atrium D. The right ventricle
- B
The right side of the heart pumps blood to A. The lungs B. The whole body C. Right ventricle D. The descending aorta
- A
A blood pressure of 175/108 puts a person in what stage of HTN? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. High-normal range
- B
A female patient comes to you worried because she has had several fainting episodes. In taking the history, you discover that …
A. ?
B. ?
- A
missing
- C
missing
C. Lung
D. Retina
- C
The MOST likely first signal of left-sided CHF (congestive heart failure) in an elderly woman is A. Headaches B. Nausea C. Difficult or painful breathing D. That she has no appetite for days
- C
What is the first thing you should do when a person faints? A. Check for heart beat B. Check for breathing C. Check for body trauma D. Check for responsiveness
- D
