CardioVascular System Flashcards
The heart makes the sounds “Lub” and “Dub” which correspond with the heart sounds S 1 and S2, respectively. What creates the S2 heart sound?
A. The closure of the tricuspid and mitral valve
B. The opening of the tricuspid and mitral valve
C. The closure of the semilunar valves
D. The opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves
- C
Pulmonary Valve, Aortic Valve aka Semilunar Valves
LAB RAT (Left Atrium Biscuspid Valve, Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve)
On an electrocardiogram, ECG, what does the QRS complex represent? A. Atrial depolarization B. Ventricular depolarization C. Atrial repolarization D. Both b and c E. Both a and b F. None of the above
- B
QRS complex: represents ventricular depolarization (Ventricular contraction)
P wave: represents atrial depolarization (atrial contraction)
T wave: represents ventricular repolarization (ventricular relaxation)
What drug may be indicated to prevent blood clots in a patient who has atrial fibrillation? A. Coumadin B. Lasix C. Lisinopril D. Alpha 1 blocker
- A
Coumadin aka Warfarin causes anticoagulation
SE: bleeding, skin tissue necrosis, teratogenicity (malformations of development embryo or fetus. tf CI in pregnancy)
What is the main side effect of antiarrhythmic drugs? A. Kidney damage · B. Causes arrhythmia C. Insomnia D. Headache
4. B Anti Arrhythmic Drugs: Class I - Na (sodium) channel blocker Class II - Beta blocker Class III - K (potassium) channel blocker Class IV - Calcium Channel blockers SE: all cause arrhythmia
The earliest sign of hypertension in Western medicine is A. Dark urine B. Hematuria C. Spontaneous nosebleed D. Insomnia
- C
This test is ordered when a patient is suspected of having a heart attack, "MI." A. ECG and isoenzymes B. Echocardiogram C. EEG D. EMG
- A
A patient is taking furosemide, Lasix. What must the patient be aware of as a side-effect? A. Increased appetite B. Increased K C. Dehydration D. Insomnia
- C
Which of the following symptoms is LEAST associated with Raynaud's Phenomenon, which results in decreased blood flow to skin due to vasospasm of the small vessels? A. Triggered by cold B. Triggered by heat C. Related to SLE D. Triggered by emotional stress
- B
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to blood as it travels through the cardiovascular system:
A. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the left atrium, then passes through the tricuspid valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the right atrium.
B. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary veins to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary artery
toward the left atrium, then passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the right atrium.
C. Blood in the left ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the right atrium, then passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena
cava to the left atrium.
D. Blood in the right ventricle passes through the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, returns oxygenated via the pulmonary veins
toward the left atrium, then passes through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, out through the aorta and then to the body, where it gets deoxygenated at the level of the body tissues and then returns via the superior or inferior vena cava to the right atrium
- D
A patient comes to the clinic with a blood pressure reading of 120/90. What condition may this patient have. A. Normal blood pressure B. Pre-hypertension C. Stage 1 hypertension D. Stage 2 hypertension E. More than one is correct
- E
What is a severe side effect of statin medication?
A. Elevated liver enzymes
B. Lower cholesterol levels
C. Deposition of lipid in blood vessel walls
D. Red, flushed face
- A
end in -statin (Lovastatin, Atorvastatin, simvastatin)
blocks the enzyme HMB CoA Reductase, an important enzyme in the formation of Cholestrol in the cells of the liver.
SE: liver damage, which causes release of liver enzyme from damaged liver cells.
This disease is common in those of Asian ethnicity, is acute and self-limiting, and primarily affects infants and children. A. Buerger's disease B. Takayasu's arteritis C. Temporal arteritis D. Kawasaki disease
- D
Kawasaki Disease: vasculitis that affects medium sized blood vessels. Common in young Asian children
Which set of signs/symptoms best matches left heart failure. A. Ankle, sacral edema B. Jugular venous distention C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea D. Cardiac dilation
- C
Which set of side effects is common with use of niacin?
A. Red, flushed face, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
B. Elevated liver function tests, rhabdomyolysis
C. GI discomfort and decreased absorption of fat soluble vitamins
D. Myositis, elevated liver function tests, cholesterol gallstone
- A
Niacin: inhibits fat breakdown in fatty (adipose) tissue
SE: flushed face, hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), hyper-uricemia (high uric acid content in blood)
Which of the following choices correctly matches the class of antiarrhythmic drugs with its mechanism of action?
A. Class INa Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class III Ca Channel Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
B. Class INa Channel Blocker, Class II K Blocker, Class III Beta Blocker, Class IV Ca Channel blocker
C. Class I Ca Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class III Na Channel Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
D. Class I Ca Channel Blocker, Class II Na Blocker, Class III Beta Blocker, Class IV K Channel blocker
E. Class I Na Channel Blocker, Class II Beta Blocker, Class II K Channel Blocker, Class IV Ca Channel blocker
- E
16. In a patient with an acute episode of congestive heart failure you expect the patient to be A. Laying on left side B. Supine C. Sitting up D. Laying on right side
- C