Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Diuretics (6)
Bendroflumethiazide (thiazide - inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal DCT (Na-Cl symporter) and causes some vasodilation) , Indapamide (thiazide like diuretic) Furosemide (loop), Bumetanide (Loop), Amiloride (directly blocks ENaC - so is K sparing), Spironolactone (anti-aldosterone and K sparing)
Beta blockers (4 possible)
Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Propranolol, Sotalol
Anti-Arrhythmics (4 possible)
Adenosine, Amiodarone, Flecainide, Lidocaine
Alpha Blockers (1)
Doxazosin
ACE Inhibitors (2)
Lisinopril, Ramipril
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (2)
Candesartan, Losartan
Nitrates (2)
GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) spray, isosorbide mononitrate
Calcium Channel Blockers (3 possible)
Amlodipine, Diltiazem, Verapamil
Anticoagulants (4)
Warfarin, Heparin, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran
Heparin Reversal (1)
Protamine Sulphate
Anti-platelet Agents (3)
Aspirin, Dipyridamole, Clopidogrel
Fibrinolytics (2)
Alteplase and Reteplase
Lipid Lowering Drugs (5)
Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, Bezafibrate, Ezetimibe, Nicotinic Acid
Cardiac Glycoside (1)
Digoxin - (Negative Chronotrope, Positive Inotrope) - inhibits Na-K-ATPase in the myocardium. This causes a rise in intracellular Na. This causes a reversal in action of the Na-Ca exchanger leading to 3 sodium a being exported from the cell and 1 calcium imported instead of the normal opposite. Increased intracellular calcium lengthens phases 4 and 0 of the cardiac action potential leading to a decreased heart rate (negative chronotropy). It also causes increased storage of Ca in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to an increased released Ca during each action potential. This therefore leads to an increased force of contraction (positive inotrope) without increasing energy expenditure of the heart.
