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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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2
Q

immuno

A

immunity

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3
Q

lympho

A

lymph

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4
Q

lymphadeno

A

lymph gland

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5
Q

lymphangio

A

lymph vessel

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6
Q

phago

A

swallowing/eating

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7
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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8
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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9
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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10
Q

localized dilation of blood vessel wall due to a congenital defect or weakness in the blood vessel wall

A

aneurysm

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11
Q

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia

A

angina (pectoris)

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12
Q

angina usually results from

A

atherosclerosis of coronary arteries

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13
Q

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

A

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

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14
Q

arrhythmias occur when

A

electrical impulses from the conduction system of the heart do not function properly, causing the heart to deviate from the normal heartbeat

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15
Q

irregular and random contraction of heart fibers

A

fibrillation

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16
Q

thickening or hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, results in altered functions of tissues and organs

A

arteriosclerosis

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17
Q

most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by accumulation of fatty substances within arterial walls, resulting in partial/total occlusion

A

atherosclerosis

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18
Q

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

A

bruit

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19
Q

abnormal condition that affects the heart’s arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially reduced O2 and nutrients to myocardium

A

coronary artery disease

20
Q

aden/o

A

gland

21
Q

formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most common in iliac and femoral veins

A

deep vein thrombosis

22
Q

mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, fatty plaque, air bubble) that travels through the blood stream and blocks a vessel

A

embolus

23
Q

interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control the activity of heart muscle

A

heart block

24
Q

AV block where atrial impulses are delayed a fraction of a second before going to the ventricles

A

first degree heart block

25
Q

AV block where occasional impulses from SA node fail to go through to ventricles

A

second degree heart block

26
Q

electrical impulses from atria fail to reach ventricles, aka complete heart block

A

third degree heart block

27
Q

when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of body tissues

A

heart failure

28
Q

heart failure can be caused by

A

myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or dysfunction of other organs

29
Q

consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than 119/79 mmHg, causing damage to blood vessels and heart

A

hypertension

30
Q

not enough oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow

A

ischemia

31
Q

causes of ischemia

A

arterial embolism, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, vasoconstriction

32
Q

pieces of mitral valve fail to close completely during systole and lead to back flow of blood

A

mitral valve prolapse

33
Q

necrosis of portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial/complete occlusion of a coronary artery

A

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

34
Q

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, causing abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

A

patent ductus arteriosus

35
Q

numbness in fingers and toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin

A

Raynaud phenomenon

36
Q

what causes Raynaud phenomenon

A

cold temps, emotional stress, or other more serious issues

37
Q

streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle, common in children and young adults

A

rheumatic heart disease

38
Q

aggregation of elements attached to the inside of a vein or artery

A

thrombus (blood clot)

39
Q

temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain that causes no permanent brain damage

A

transient ischemic attack

40
Q

swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin and usually occur in the legs

A

varicose veins

41
Q

deficiency of cellular immunity induced by HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

A

AIDS

42
Q

malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin disease

43
Q

Malignancy of connective tissue (bone, fat, muscle, fibrous); associated with AIDS, fatal as it metastasizes to organs

A

Kaposi sarcoma

44
Q

inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

A

lymphadenitis

45
Q

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

A

mononucleosis

46
Q

any of a heterogenous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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