Cardiovascular System Flashcards
agglutin/o
clumping, gluing
immuno
immunity
lympho
lymph
lymphadeno
lymph gland
lymphangio
lymph vessel
phago
swallowing/eating
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
-phylaxis
protection
localized dilation of blood vessel wall due to a congenital defect or weakness in the blood vessel wall
aneurysm
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia
angina (pectoris)
angina usually results from
atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
arrhythmia/dysrhythmia
arrhythmias occur when
electrical impulses from the conduction system of the heart do not function properly, causing the heart to deviate from the normal heartbeat
irregular and random contraction of heart fibers
fibrillation
thickening or hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls, results in altered functions of tissues and organs
arteriosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis, caused by accumulation of fatty substances within arterial walls, resulting in partial/total occlusion
atherosclerosis
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
bruit
abnormal condition that affects the heart’s arteries and produces various pathological effects, especially reduced O2 and nutrients to myocardium
coronary artery disease
aden/o
gland
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most common in iliac and femoral veins
deep vein thrombosis
mass of undissolved matter (blood clot, fatty plaque, air bubble) that travels through the blood stream and blocks a vessel
embolus
interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control the activity of heart muscle
heart block
AV block where atrial impulses are delayed a fraction of a second before going to the ventricles
first degree heart block
AV block where occasional impulses from SA node fail to go through to ventricles
second degree heart block
electrical impulses from atria fail to reach ventricles, aka complete heart block
third degree heart block
when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of body tissues
heart failure
heart failure can be caused by
myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or dysfunction of other organs
consistently elevated blood pressure that is higher than 119/79 mmHg, causing damage to blood vessels and heart
hypertension
not enough oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow
ischemia
causes of ischemia
arterial embolism, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, vasoconstriction
pieces of mitral valve fail to close completely during systole and lead to back flow of blood
mitral valve prolapse
necrosis of portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial/complete occlusion of a coronary artery
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, causing abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
patent ductus arteriosus
numbness in fingers and toes due to intermittent constriction of arterioles in the skin
Raynaud phenomenon
what causes Raynaud phenomenon
cold temps, emotional stress, or other more serious issues
streptococcal infection that causes damage to heart valves and heart muscle, common in children and young adults
rheumatic heart disease
aggregation of elements attached to the inside of a vein or artery
thrombus (blood clot)
temporary interference in the blood supply to the brain that causes no permanent brain damage
transient ischemic attack
swollen superficial veins that are visible through the skin and usually occur in the legs
varicose veins
deficiency of cellular immunity induced by HIV, characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases
AIDS
malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes
Hodgkin disease
Malignancy of connective tissue (bone, fat, muscle, fibrous); associated with AIDS, fatal as it metastasizes to organs
Kaposi sarcoma
inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
lymphadenitis
acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
mononucleosis
any of a heterogenous group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue except for Hodgkin disease
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
